Senate Floor

Madam Secretary, please call the roll.

[Roll Call]

Senators, a quorum is present. Would the Members and our guests beyond the rail and in the gallery please rise? We will be led in prayer this afternoon by our chaplain, Sister Michelle Gorman, after which, please remain standing for the Pledge of Allegiance.

And let us remember that we are always in God's presence. As the Christian world moves into 40 days of Lent, let us listen to God's word from the Hebrew Scriptures. Isaiah 58. This is the fast that pleases me to break unjust fetters, to let the oppressed go free.

To share your bread with the hungry and shelter the homeless poor. If you do away with the yoke, the clenched fist, the wicked word. If you give your bread to the hungry and relief to the oppressed, your light will rise in the darkness.

God, our Creator, we trust in your presence as we continue each day to bring greater justice and peace to those we serve. May all our efforts, conversations, debates and collaborations result in a populace that is welcome to contribute their gifts and talents for the good of the whole now and into the future. We ask this in your name. Amen.

Please join me as we salute our flag. I pledge allegiance. Members, if we could take our seats as we move on in our agenda to privileges of the floor or move to the back of the chambers if you have to have a conversation. Mr. Pro Tem Mcguire.

Thank you so much. Madam President, colleagues, I rise today to let the people of California, the residents of the United States of America and the whole world knows that the Golden State stands with Ukraine.

We have the privilege today of welcoming the Consul General of Ukraine, Consul General Kushneruk, along with Consul Drobot, into the chamber with us this afternoon. First and foremost, I think it's important to let folks know that our hearts, our hearts are with the Ukrainian people in this horrific time in world history.

President Abraham Lincoln, he once said, let the people know the truth. When you do that, the country is safe. You know, this has always been the American way. Speak the truth even when it's uncomfortable and even though those in power may not agree with you. And that's exactly what we do here in, in California.

We speak the Truth. So we've always done. We speak up, we speak out, and we defend those who are friends, our allies, those who are doing good in this world. So here's the truth. Russia illegally invaded the country of Ukraine.

Ukrainian families have lost nearly 500,000 daughters and sons and mothers and fathers on the front lines defending their nation against Russia's aggression and terror. They've lost their lives through bombs, bullets, and drones destroying their communities, their way of life over the last 36 months.

You know the Ukrainian lives lost since this war started, 100,000 more, more lives than Ukrainians lost than America lost in World War II. Think about that for a moment. 10 times more than what America lost in Vietnam. So here's the truth. Blood is on the hands of their Russian aggressors, plain and simple.

As we moved into today, I was asked by some, why is this a critical issue to California standing with Ukraine? It's because we are part of the world order. Traditional good versus evil. We have to defend our allies in their darkest times.

California is proudly home to one of the largest populations of Ukrainians in the United States of America, with over 100,000 Ukrainian Americans calling our state home. And this community continues to grow. Thousands of Ukrainians have sought refuge and humanitarian assistance in America, many settling here in California.

And it's also because of the economic ties that we have with the nation of Ukraine. In 2023 alone, California exported $126 million in goods, including vehicles, computers, electronics, and other manufactured Items to Ukraine. $50 million in goods came back to the State of California.

And by upholding economic sanctions against Russia, California has consistently, this Senate has consistently affirmed its support for the people of California. I want to close here and say this. You know, we see on TV each and every night the horrors in the nation of Ukraine. The Ukrainian people are losing loved ones each and every day.

And candidly, what happened last Friday not only shook this nation to the core, but the world. So today we are reiterating our close ties with Ukraine because no matter what may be happening in Washington, California will always stand alongside the people of Ukraine. And to the Consul General and to

Mr. Consul, we want to say thank you for joining us. I know that there are going to be a few folks are going to want to say a few words. And then on behalf of the states, and we'd like to invite folks back here as we exchange flags. Exchange flags.

The great State of California and the great nation of Ukraine. Madam President, I yield my time back and look forward to hearing what others have to say.

Senator McNerney.

Thank you, madam President. I rise today to join in welcoming the Ukrainian Consul General to the Senate Floor. As the world's fifth largest economy, it's important to show the world that California stands with the Ukrainian people and your courageous President Zelensky.

We stand in solidarity with you, Consul General Kushneruk, and your country's righteous fight for freedom, democracy, freedom from subjugation and the right to self determination.

We also reject President Trump and Vice President Vance's developing unholy alliance with the brutal dictatorship of Vladimir Putin, who directed the unjust invasion of Ukraine and the tragedy of so many innocent peoples lives lost or destroyed. I'm a proud American, but I'm ashamed and dismayed by the President of the United States.

It's unconscionable that Trump is now throwing America's might behind the genocidal dictator in a fit of greed and petulance against President Zelensky simply because he said no to Trump.

Point of Order

The people elected President Trump and this last election, and I asked for Members of this body to speak with respect and use the title.

Could you please state the rule for your point of order.

The rule is that we address elected officials by their titles, not by their last name.

Point well taken. You may proceed.

I've been to Ukraine twice. It is a beautiful country with beautiful people who are dying every day for what we take for granted and now seem to be discarding liberty, democracy and freedom from crippling corruption.

After President Trump's unjust ofal office outburst on Friday, with the world watching, democracies around the globe have been rallying behind Ukraine and their President. Mr. Trump has left the United States alienated from our long standing friends and allies and standing alongside Russia, the Kremlin couldn't be happier.

Top Russian officials gloated over the weekend that Washington now largely aligns with Moscow. But let us be clear, California does not align with Putin.

I want to thank the Pro tem for inviting the Ukrainian Consul General to the Capitol today to show that California stands with the rest of the free world in support of Ukraine and for democracy, freedom and the right to self determination.

The point of order is noted and we will address people by their titles in future. Yes, thank you, Senator Ashby.

History will judge us all for the words we choose to use in moments like this. So I rise today to say to the two of you, first of all, it is unimaginable to stand in your shoes in our country with the full weight of the people that you represent under attack.

And I am so sorry that that is your reality now. I've seen your beautiful country when you came to meet with my city and I know what an amazing place it is. I met many of your colleagues at that time. I proudly represent a very large amount of Ukrainian families in the Sacramento region. And in this moment in history, I choose in my state for the 1 million people that I represent to stand with you.

Senator Choi.

Thank you Madam President. I rise to express my support and also many of the Korean Americans feeling toward Ukrainians current situation and many of them do stand with me.

As you may remember, when Korean war broke up, 16 nations came and helped our country to defend the freedom of South Korean people and then also to keep the democracy facing North Korea which was still is occupied by North Korean communists. And during this Ukraine War it is so evident and so clear which side is which side.

North Korean soldiers are right now fighting with the shoulder to shoulder with the Soviet communist soldiers to destroy Ukraine. So it is so clear that what kind of devastation the people are going through. And we need to support Ukraine people and the soldiers as much as possible.

And then I sympathize all the people of Ukraine and our South Korea right now is in its own trouble fighting ideology against being attacked by communists and election fraud and through the presidential impeachment. And the Supreme Court is going to decide on the ruling whether to accept or not.

But as soon as South Korean government is calmed down and President Xi is reestablished, there will be form of support. I believe this is my personal feeling. And we know because South Korea had experienced at the brink of extinction of South Korean democracy. The all the United Nations, 16 different countries came and helped and saved South Korea. And we need to all the world, we need to stand by and save democracy in Ukraine.

Thank you Senator Wiener.

Thank you, Madam President. First I want to welcome the Consul General to the California State Senate. I want to thank you for your work as a resident of San Francisco and the Senator from San Francisco. I see your work and I've seen it for the last since before the war, but certainly during the war.

And you've really done right by your country and by the people of Ukraine. So thank you. California stands firmly with Ukraine and with democracy and firmly against Vladimir Putin and against fascism. We need to be.

I am so grateful to the people of Ukraine for being effectively the tip of the spear in favor of global democracy and pluralism and against fascism. And Ukraine is fighting a war for all of us, for all of us who believe that democracy has a future on this planet.

For all of us who believe that there is a future for peaceful coexistence, that's the war that Ukraine is fighting against the tyrant Putin. What happened on Friday in the Oval Office was a disaster. It was a disaster for this country. It was humiliating. It was a disaster for the entire world Order.

President Zelensky stood up against the juvenile bullying that was being directed at him by the President and Vice President of the United States, because that's how you respond to bullies. You just say no. And he did that. And people of Ukraine should be proud of their leader for doing that.

The President and Vice President of the United States on Friday effectively surrendered to Russia. And that is a disaster for the United States that it's going to take a lot of time and effort to fix. The President showed profound weakness. Despite all the tough talk, he surrendered to the fascist Putin.

I want to express again my gratitude towards to the people of Ukraine. It is unimaginable what this country has gone through. Ukraine did nothing to provoke this invasion. This was an unprovoked invasion by someone who simply wanted to conquer another country and destroy that country. So we stand with Ukraine.

Senator Umberg.

Thank you, Madam President and Members. I don't often associate myself with the remarks of my colleague from Irvine, but today, he is right on point. He is right on point. We were attacked in 2001. All of us remember. We were attacked from terrorists emanating from Afghanistan. So we went to Afghanistan. And who joined us? Who joined us?

You joined us. 150,000 Ukrainian soldiers joined our cause in Afghanistan. 3,000 gave their lives. I don't know how many were injured. And today, today, when those who fought with us in Afghanistan are attacked, we must stand with them. There is no moral equivalency in this issue.

There is evil in the world, and that evil is personified by Putin. There is no. There is no rationale for us to side with Russia in this conflict. And you are not asking for anything but help and support. You're not asking for our blood. You're simply asking that we allow you to defend yourselves.

I applaud you, and I applaud your countrymen and your countrywomen for all that they do for us. Thank you for standing strong,

Thank you, Madam President. I, too, agree with the. And honor the comments of the Senator from Irvine because I think it gives good perspective. My home city has a sister city relationship with a city in the Ukraine that I visited as part of a delegation. It is a city that is now occupied.

It is a city where we maintain relationships, but we have to be very careful about how we do it. And there was such a great relationship that it turned out a delegation was in Santa Cruz at the time the earthquake destroyed our downtown.

And they figured out in the impossible financial exchange how to get to support to us in that emergency because of the bond that exists.

And I think that we also should remember that the National Guard of California has had a partnership relation with the military of Ukraine that predates by a number of years this conflict such that I served in the cabinet with the person that was head of the National Guard at the time the war began.

And I remember him telling me that his phone blew up that morning as there was joint consultation and discussions about the best way to respond respond and the best tactical things to do. Because California was arm in arm with the Ukraine. And many people here have spoken about what happened at the end of last week.

But there's one additional thing because in that meeting one of the many embarrassments was that the validity of the election in the Ukraine was questioned. That President was a freely elected President that represents his people and it is a democracy is such that people support a freely elected President.

And it's part of the reason that that Democratic spirit has led to the response that has pushed back on what people thought was going to be a week long invasion. And the embarrassment was is that the aggressor is somebody who's head of Russia where his opponents have been imprisoned, poisoned, murdered.

And it's like why would we not call that out? Why is there not an equivalency there? It is a democratic elected President versus somebody that displays poses of his opponents. That is really at the heart of this. And I think that is at the heart of the embarrassment we feel. So I join in welcoming the leaders of our democratic partners of Ukraine.

Thank you very much, Madam President and colleagues. I'd like to add my voice in the welcome to, to the distinguished consul and my voice in reiterating amongst all of you or most of you the fact that the State of California has an obligation to speak in this matter and stand in firm solidarity with Ukraine.

A republic, madam, if you can keep it is what Benjamin Franklin said when asked at convention by a woman who inquired what kind of government were they fashioning for all of us? A republic, madam, if you can keep it. Which means it is on all of us, individually and collectively to keep the Republic, to keep the democracy.

It is an obligation and a responsibility. It's not an Inherited right. Madam President and colleagues, part of that obligation to keep the Republic involves a respect and a protection for truth. Truth and knowledge are the foundations of freedom.

I never thought, as the son of a Marine and raised by an army veteran, that I would ever live to see the day that an American President would stain the Oval Office along with the sitting Vice President and rudely, like an incorrigible child, chastise the democratically elected President of a nation who was violently invaded by military force and saw the loss of brave men, women and children.

And further in the following weeks, as is well documented, torture and inhuman treatment of prisoners of war on the day that that country was invaded. I was spending my last hours with my army veteran father who raised me and who taught me the values of which I now speak.

I just want to add my voice because I and all of you have an obligation to speak to keep this Republic.

And when we enter a time in our history where we just fashion new facts and we begin to promulgate the idea that the truth is whatever we make it up to be, as long as it gets us access to a majority or to power, that somehow that's patriotic. Let me be clear. It's treasonous, it's shameful, and it will be remembered by this Republic. I thank you, Madam President.

Thank you, Madam President and Members. I want to say thank you to everybody that spoke this afternoon and recognized the the importance of this issue. Madam President, thank you for keeping proper decorum on the Senate Floor. I appreciate that as well. Good job.

I think it's important for all of us to keep in proper perspective that the history that's been made and the history that's going to be made is not going to be balanced on an 8 minute video from the Oval Office that the media is determining to cover in one fashion or another.

You can turn on the left wing media here in America and get one perspective of the eight minute video, or you can turn on the right wing media here in America and get another perspective of the eight minute video. What those two perspectives don't show is the four to 20 years of history prior to that eight minute video and the succeeding four to 20 years of history that's going to be made after that eight minute video.

I think two things are important for us to keep in perspective today as state Senators here in the great State of California. Number one, we do welcome the Consul General from the great country of Ukraine to our Senate Floor. And we do stand by your people.

Many of your people are here in the United States, many of your people are here in California. As our colleague from Sacramento mentioned, she has a huge Ukrainian group of folks here in California, as I do in my district. Many of those Ukrainians have become some of my very best friends.

BO Dan Kinicki has lived in America since the 1970s. He passed away two years ago. Every time he saw me, he made sure to say hi. We had dinner together. His wife knows my wife. I know about his family. He knows about my family. And what's interesting to me, he was equally Ukrainian, equally American.

He became an American citizen because he believed in America so much, but he kept his Ukrainian roots because he believed in Ukraine so much. So the second perspective I would like for all of us, I think all of us should have here this afternoon is we have Ukrainian constituents living in our districts.

They're counting on us to set an example of how America should carry itself diplomatically and let them all know that we are supporting them here in California and that we have their backs. Thank you, Madam President.

Senator Seyarto.

Thank you, Madam President. I want to join the rest of my colleagues today in welcoming the consulate from Ukraine. There is nothing we can say on the floor today that eases the pain of what Ukraine has gone through.

And there is nothing that we're ever none of us are going to say because we all agree that President Putin is the aggressor and he is not somebody to be celebrated and he is not somebody to be trusted. But there's something I haven't heard from this group.

While we're not in agreement about what's going on in Washington, what I haven't heard from this group is what is your solution? Because so far we have 500,000 people dead in Ukraine, $350 billion. Are we just going to keep doing that until they run out of people and they don't have a country?

Are we going to try to find a diplomatic solution now that diplomacy might not come in the form that we're used to? It might come with some rough edges. But you know what?

Somehow we have to establish some kind of presence in Ukraine so that in the future, anybody who wants to come at Ukraine knows that they're coming at the US Too. And they're not going to get that from Europe. They're going to get that from us. We care.

I don't want my grandson to go to World War 3 because our solution is to keep throwing money at until people are desperate and they start that world war. I want a diplomatic solution to this horrendous and tragic time in history. We want your people to live, and we'll do whatever we can to support you.

We just need to stop the killing. And we need to not have World War Three, because it won't look like World War one or World War two. It'll be a lot worse. Everybody's nuked up, you guys. That's the problem. And nobody here has mentioned that. All they want to talk about is the rough edges up in Washington.

I could care less. Yeah, that's not how I'd be diplomatic, but I could care less. What I care about is not starting World War Three, is making sure that not one more person, not one more wonderful person from Ukraine dies while we just keep shoveling money and where they have no vision for an end to this whatsoever. That's what we care about. Stop making it sound like we don't. Everybody in the U.S. that's how they feel. They want this thing to end.

Thank you, Madam President. I want to say thank you to the Senate Democratic Caucus who brought forward our consul and Consul General from Ukraine. It is unequivocal in support, as you can see here, not just here in this Capitol, but it permeates throughout of our districts in Long Beach. I see the Ukrainian flags.

It is unequivocal. And the American people and Californians want unity. They want an American President that will speak up and out against the treason that is happening now, up and out against the horrendous aggression that is happening against our allies.

And as you can see here, we have veterans in this caucus who have fought so very hard, and in this across the aisle as well, who have fought so very hard for our freedoms. I myself am a former spouse of someone who fought in the Afghanistan war alongside Ukrainian soldiers.

I cannot say thank you enough to Ukraine for their support. But here we are now in this place of division, which we don't have to be. It's very clear to us where we need to stand, what we need to do, how we need to speak out. And.

And just last year, this body on both sides of the aisle supported a resolution by our former Senator Dodd from Napa that stated our unequivocal support for Sister City and bilateral support for Lviv and ensuring that we were uplifting Ukrainian people and their resiliency and all of the things we are talking about today on this floor.

We cannot let an American President, because it's different now, change our course, change our support. And that is why we are here. Whether you are Republican or Democrat, we need to support our Ukrainian friends and we need to denounce the relationship that our American President has with an incredibly horrid dictator. We should be very clear on that for California and for the United States.

Thank you, Madam President. I also want to welcome our friends from Ukraine. It is really important that we have this dialogue. And I just want to take a moment to note that I think what I'm hearing on this floor is really not about eight minutes on a video.

It has to do with the leading up to that day in the Oval Office. When we want peace and diplomacy, we don't start with our enemies. We start with our friends. We sit down with their friends, but not in this case. We treat our friends and allies with respect, if we want respect back.

It's interesting that we want to talk about that eight minute. But we were saying that it was Ukraine who was the aggressor. That is false. As a teacher, as a historian myself, we need to be accurate when we say things, especially coming out of the President's mouth. We want to teach our kids that history matters.

We don't get to rewrite it because it's not in our favor. The minute that Zelensky walked in that Oval Office, he was already at a disadvantage. I have to commend him for really showing restraint after being called the aggressor, after not being invited to the table with the initial negotiations.

And we have to understand that this man has been going through war for three years, has seen his people die. We've heard tales of rape. We've heard people just being destroyed. And of course, the city's under attack. So I want to give them some grace in that respect.

But we had two people attacking the great President of Ukraine. And I just think that we need to start with the misinformation, which happens often. And we want to talk about what happened in those eight minutes. But let's talk about what's been happening all along. Misinformation after misinformation. Let's be clear. Russia is the aggressor.

Russia is the one that invaded Ukraine. And I want to thank our great Senator from Santa Ana who reminded us that back in 2001, it was the Ukrainians who stood with us. So we continue to stand with Ukraine. So I just want to say welcome to. To our floor.

Welcome to California, and we will continue to be your allies. Thank you, Madam President. Mr. Pro Tem.

Thank you so much, Madam President. I want to wrap it up here and say thank you to this body for the willingness to be able to have this welcome of the Diplomatic Corps here on the West Coast of the great nation of Ukraine. I'll wrap it up by saying this.

I think we all, we all want peace in the region. We all want a diplomatic solution. But a diplomatic solution is different than extortion. And if we want true peace in the region, we grant a NATO membership that keeps the order of good, the world order intact.

Would welcome each and every, every one of the Senators to be able to come join us at this time for flags presentation, where on behalf of the California State Senate, we'll be presenting a California flag that flow over the capitol. And then Mr. Counsel General will be presenting a flag signed by a warrior from Ukraine who lost his leg in Russia's war. We'd invite the Senate to please come join it.

Thank you for joining us here today, Consul General. Members were ready to move on privileges of the floor. Any conversations, you're welcome to take them off the floor. Next up on our privileges of the floor is Senator Ashby at the Majority Leader's desk. Senator Ashby, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Madam President. Thank you, Madam President and colleagues, I rise today to recognize the California After School and Summer Challenge and the Expanded Learning Opportunities program that many of you know as elop. It is an important and critical support to students in all of our districts across the entire State of California.

California has invested over $4 billion annually to expand expand the learning program, provide elementary students in high need schools with enriching language experiences, and to enhance their traditional school days. After school and summer learning programs are imperative.

As we all know, anyone who has raised children knows that we are very reliant on those before school and after school programs and the programs on the campuses that help enhance the education for our students during the day. California is made a commitment to continue to expand these learning opportunities.

And today, as we take up this item, this recognition, I ask my colleagues to continue to remember the importance of not just childcare, but after school care and before school care and tutoring and academic opportunity in all of our districts. As I look at our Vice Chair of the Women's Caucus, please help us remember this in every way as we all address our priorities moving forward this year.

With me today on the floor is Calista Rooks, the ELOP Senior Program Manager at the Sacramento Chinese Community Resource center, along with youth who are participants in the program that are all taller than me. The center operates 65 ELOPS, employs over 300 team leaders, and serves nearly 7,000 youth daily. And that is just Senate District 8.

You all have programs similarly situated in your communities. And I would like to just note that standing behind me is also the Council Member for one of our areas here in Sacramento, Katie Maple. Members, please join me in acknowledging the California After School and Summer Challenge Expanding Learning Opportunities Program.

Members. We were joined today on behalf of Senator Umberg. We were joined here today by the Black Lawyers Association of. California. My understanding is they may have left already. And so if you see them, thank them for joining us here in the Senate. And on behalf of Senator Grove, I'd like to welcome the 511 media.

Welcome to the California Senate. We're glad to have you here. Members, without objection, we're going to move to Senate third reading and take up File item number 20. Senator Choi is prepared. Please read.

Senate Concurrent Resolution 27 by Senator Choi relative to Yu Gwan-sun.

Senator Choi, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Madam President and the fellow senators. I rise today to urge your support for resolution that commemorates 106th anniversary of a pivotal moment in history, the Korean Independence Movement, which began on March 1, 1919.

This movement, known as the March 1st Movement, or "Samiljeol", stands as a powerful symbol of courage, resilience and unwavering pursuit of freedom by Korean people. It represents their fight for sovereignty and human dignity during the time of Japanese colonial oppression.

The heart of this movement was 16-year-old Yu Gwang-sun, who became a fearless leader and martyr for Korean Independence. Her actions and sacrifice continue to inspire generations not only in Korea, but around the world. She reminds us that the quest for justice, liberty and liberty transcends borders and its universal human rights.

This resolution also declares much further as the sixth anniversary of Yu Gwan-Su Day here in California, a day to honor her legacy and to celebrate the enduring spirit of those who stood up for freedom in the face of overwhelming adversity.

By supporting this resolution, we not only commemorate the significant historical event, but also reaffirm California's commitment to recognizing contributions of Korean Americans to our state and then our shared global values of freedom and justice.

I ask for your vote in favor of this resolution to keep the memory of these heroes alive and to honor their sacrifices for the generations to come. Thank you.

Senator McNerney.

Madam President, I rise today in support of SCR 27, which recognizes the sixth anniversary of the Yu Gwan-sun Day in California and the 106 sixth anniversary commemoration of the March 1st Movement for Korean Independence. Korean Americans have made numerous positive impacts, both economic and cultural, on California and the country.

California today has by far the largest Korean American population in the nation, with more than 564,000 residents, which is five times larger than that of any other state. My fifth district, which includes Stockton, has a thriving Korean American community. Many Korean Americans came to California more than a century ago during the first wave of immigration from Korea.

During 1905-1923, during the Korean Independence movement of 1919, Korean communities gathered all over America, including California, protesting the Japanese rule of Korea. Immediately after Korea was liberated from Japan in 1945, Korea became a battleground in the US and Soviet power struggle. And in 1948, Korea was divided into two political entities.

During the Korean War, from 1950 to 1953, a second wave of Korean immigrants came to America. The Korean War ultimately killed nearly 550,000 people. During this period, 15,000 Koreans immigrated to the United States. The Korean experience mirrors that of many other immigrant groups. People escaping war, persecution, oppression and coming to America for a better life.

The Korean experience is the American experience. I ask for your aye vote on SCR 27.

Senator Richardson.

I rise today in support and honor of the Korean Independence Day and in proud support of SCR 27. As a representative of multiple communities across Southern California within Los Angeles County, I'm honored to acknowledge that our country is home, as has been stated, to over 500,000 in California.

But in Los Angeles County, we have over 326,000 Korean Americans, the largest Korean American population in the United States. I'm equally proud to have the iconic Korean Friendship Bell in my district. It's located, in case you want to visit it, at 3601 S. Gaffey St.

This magnificent design bell, along with its pavilion, was a profound gift from the people of the Republic of Korea to the people of Los Angeles in 1976. It was presented to commemorate the U.S. bicentennial to honor the valiant veterans of the Korean War and to celebrate the enduring bond of friendship between our nations.

This bell itself draws inspiration from the ancient bronze bell cast in 771 A.D. This bell weighs over 17 tons with a height of 12 ft and it's over 7 and a half feet wide. That's the bell alone, not including the pavilion.

It came at a cost of $500,000, which at the time in 1976 and still now, is a lot of money. But more than the money, it was the people and the work that was done to build the pavilion and then to hang the bell. This remarkable gift symbolizes the Korean people's enduring spirit and their commitment to peace.

The bell overlooks the Sea Gate where our own US Troops sailed into the Pacific. Today I want to commend the gentlemen from Irvine and also members of the Korean community. We celebrate and join in honoring this very special Korean Independence Day.

Senator Umberg.

Thank you, Madam President; colleagues, I now stand with my colleague from Irvine once again. This is becoming a habit to thank you, senator, for bringing recognition to this important event.

This is an important event for the world, where a young woman, 16 years old, stood up against oppression and by example led a movement in Korea; that endures till today. The Korean people have been our strongest ally in a variety of wars, including, we just recognized our ally Ukraine, including in Ukraine, and including in Vietnam.

And I think they'll be with us for the future as well. So, it's so important that we recognize both their Independence, or the person who started that Independence movement, as well as their relationship. And I'm proud to have the two best Korea towns in all of California, in Garden Grove, as well as in Buena Park.

But I'm also blessed to have a strong association with Korea because but for the country of Korea, my three children wouldn't exist, nor my seven and a half grandchildren, because that's where my wife and I met in the U.S. army. So, thank you, Senator Choi, for bringing this forward.

And thank you to the folks from Korea who are here to help us recognize that independence, that courage, that fortitude. Thank you, Madam Chair.

Senator Niello.

Thank you, Madam President. I, excuse me, was not familiar with the Korean Independence Day, before my colleague from Irvine brought this forward, and I looked at it last weekend, over the weekend, and I found the story to be at the same time, inspiring and grossly sad.

Yu Gwan-sun was only 16 years old when she began peaceful protests to try to free Korea from Imperial Japan. Protests spread. We know how these things can happen in our country and other countries. Imperial Japan pushed back, and in the ensuing struggle, Yu's parents were killed. She was subsequently arrested at a pretty young age.

And I found a quote of hers that is graphic and kind of jarring. Permission to read?

Granted without objection.

"Even if my fingernails are torn out, my nose and ears are ripped apart, and my legs and arms are crushed, this physical pain does not compare to the pain of losing my nation. My only remorse is not being able to do more than dedicating my life to my country," which she did. She died in prison.

I urge and aye vote.

Senator Durazo.

Thank you, Madam Chair. I don't think anybody today will mind hearing the story over and over and over again because it's so powerful and so inspiring. I want to thank the senator from Irvine again for recognizing Yu Gwan-sun Day. And as a proud senator representing beautiful Koreatown in Los Angeles, I rise in support of SCR 27.

As a woman and as an activist, I have enormous respect for Yu Gwan-sun. At the age of 16, she organized. She was an organizer. She participated in a series of protests for Korean Independence with Japanese colonial rule. Her actions invigorated the Korean Independence movement. Imagine such a young woman doing that.

A movement which, of course, led to Korea's Independence in 1945. But part of what makes Yu Gwan-sun's legacy burn so brightly 100 years later is her dedication. You see, she and her family went village to village and door to door to talk with people about Korean Independence.

And they organized these protests. After both of her parents were killed by Japanese military police at a demonstration, she went on, became imprisoned and continued her work in community with other inmates.

In September of 1920, only 18 months after the initial March 1 protest, and at only 17 years old, Yu Gwan-sun passed away from injuries because of the torture and the beatings in prisons.

Her actions speak to the power of collective action and to the power of our young people, especially young women, to spur change in the face of oppression. I thank you again for recognizing Yu Gwan-sun Day.

Senator Wiener

Thank you very much, Mr. President. I rise in support of the resolution and thank the author for bringing it. And you know, South Korea is an incredibly important ally to the United States and in an international coalition of democracies. And we need to foster that relationship. So, I ask for an aye vote.

Senator Choi, you may conclude.

Thank you, fellow senators, for your wonderful background study you have done and making the presentation and some even stories that I hear for the first time going village to village. She is truly honored by all Koreans as a patriot and mother of Korea, leading to eventual Korean Independence.

That March 1st Independence movement was beginning of the struggle and the movement throughout the world. The temporary government was established in Shanghai, China, and Tosan An Chang Ho was very active here in California.

From San Francisco went down to Riverside and this is a part of all independent movement against the Japanese colonial occupation of Korea during that time. I urge you a strong vote on this SCR 27. Thank you.

Madam Secretary, please call the roll.

[Roll Call].

Aye's: 37. No's: 0. The resolution is adopted. Moving on to privileges of the floor, Senator Choi, you have some introductions you'd like to do?

Thank you, madam.

Excuse me. Excuse me, but you're out of order, so I'm going to ask you to please control yourself. You're free to do that outside the chambers once we're done. Right now, we're focusing on Senator Choi, who's got some introductions to do. Thank you.

Excuse me. That's their way of thanking you for your support.

I understand. I understand and it's exciting. But we still have work to do.

Thank you, Madam and all the colleagues. Today, it is my privilege to have on the floor Honorable Sang-Deok Na, the Deputy Consul General from the Consulate General of Republic of Korea's Office located in San Francisco. And then also joined by Dr. Jonathan Kim, who is the President of the Korea Center, which is a Korean American Association of San Francisco, and Chung-Jin Su from the Korean School of Sacramento, as well as Eun Ju Chang, who is a senior reporter with the Korea Daily. Would you please join me on the floor? They are there.

I'll be also happy to introduce the cheering my cheerleaders on the gallery.

If you now is the time for you to stand and be recognized in recognition of Yu Gwan-sun Day; this weekend's, which was the March 1 anniversary of the Korean Independence Movement, would also like to acknowledge the Korean Americans who are here to recognize Yu Gwan-sun Day today in the gallery. Can you please give your guests a warm welcome and a round of applause.

Welcome.

I'll be presenting resolution to the Deputy Counsel General.

Are there any members that would like to take a photo as well? Other members?

Members are ready to get started again. Senator Laird and Senator Dahle. We'll start with Senator Laird and then Senator Dahle. At Senator Laird's desk.

Thank you very much, Madam President. On behalf of the Senator from BBER and myself, it's my pleasure to introduce you to the Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Agriculture Leadership Class. And I should just note that the Senator from BBER and the former Senator from BBER have a special connection to that class who is here today.

These students were selected to participate in this leadership development program to research significant issues involving California agriculture given their impressive backgrounds and academic accomplishments. The program includes a class visiting the state capitol and surrounding agencies for firsthand exposure to the development of public policy, which includes witnessing us today in our amazingly short ceremonial session from the gallery on both sides. Since established in 2001, the classes visit us annually.

I'm pleased to report that several alums have been chosen over the years for internships in the state capitol. Also joining the students is Haley Marconett, Assistant Dean of Strategic Initiatives, Communications and Student Leadership, who should be congratulated for her dedication to developing the next generation of agricultural leaders.

I should also note that I introduced, a few weeks ago, 30 different Cal Poly students that had won awards. I was pleased to note that there are three overlaps from being here, winning those awards, to being here again today as members of the Ag Leadership class.

So, Senators, please join me in welcoming the Ag Leadership Class from Cal Poly.

And it's my understanding that, well, Senator Dahle is - retired Senator Dahle, to get it right, not to be confused, has a son that is part of the class. Welcome. We always glad - it's always good to see a Dahle here. Back here. Mom says hi. And also, that Assemblymember Aguiar-Curry has a nephew that's here as well. Welcome.

We're always proud to have legislators that have family that come to visit us. So welcome. Welcome to the Senate. We're proud of you. Thank you for your good work. Members, under privileges of the floor. We're not done, folks. Under privileges of the floor, we're going to turn the floor over to Senator Weber Pearson.

Thank you, Madam President. Good afternoon, Senators. It is with joy that I rise to recognize San Diego's number one high school football team, which happens to also be located in my district, the formidable Lincoln High School Hornets. I am so incredibly happy that they are with us here today in Sacramento after such an amazing and unprecedented season.

For those of you who may not know, the Hornets football team won not just one, but two CIF Division 1 AA state championships in the last three years, one in 2022 and one again in 2024. These championships have electrified our communities back home in San Diego with a wave of excitement and collective pride.

These victories did not come easily or without challenge. The Lincoln High School football team has endured unspeakable racism and hostility from other sports teams. But despite the adversity, they still rose. Their home field was also flooded in the January 2024 storms in San Diego and deemed unsafe to practice on.

But they still continue to rise stronger than before. These resilient players have had to board buses to practice and play home games on other school school's field. Yet through the talent and grit of these players, their families, and their coaches and their community, they can stand proud of what they have achieved.

They truly deserve all the recognition and praise for what they have overcome. With us in the senate gallery today, we have Associate Principal Brian Hester, head Coach David Dunn, Offensive Coordinator Jason Carter, and Team Captains Aden Jackson, Eugene Rice, King David Dunn, Raymond Petties-davis and Indigo Northmeyer. Colleagues, please give them a very warm senate welcome.

Thank you.

If the senators would like to join in the picture, now would be a good time. Thank you to Lincoln High School for joining us here today, and congratulations on your many accomplishments. Members, we have a couple more introductions and then we get on to business.

We have some appointments that we need to take up. So next up is Senator Becker at the majority leader's desk. Senator Becker, the floor is yours.

Thank you, friends. On a very rainy Saturday, actually the same day, there was the Tornado touchdown in Santa Cruz, I was in the stands cheering on the College of San Mateo football team as they beat Mount San Antonio 43 to 11 to win the California Community College Athletic Association State championship.

That win also gave them the national title as the JC Gridiron Football National Champions. So today, I'm welcome to - please welcome the sophomore players of that championship team along with their coaches led by Coach Tim Tulloch here at the state capitol. Also joining us are the chancellor of our community college district, Melissa Moreno.

We have Trustee Wayne Lee up in the gallery, College of San Mateo President Manuel Perez, and Athletic Director Andreas Wolf. A few of the players here today, I'll introduce the ones here with us. And then we have about, I think 40 players up in the gallery.

But a few of the players, Jojo Flood and Sherrod Smith, played with my son at Menlo Atherton High School, so they get a special shout out today. I'd also like to take this opportunity to acknowledge Chancellor Moreno for her support of SB 893. This was my free community college initiative in 2022.

So, with the unanimous support of this chamber, we passed this. And we've had 26,600 students in the community college district have attended one of our three campuses without enrollment fees. And these were all paid by local funds.

Additionally, thousands of those also get fees waived for materials, health fees, student body fees, even textbooks because of this free community college pilot that you all approved. Over half of those students are first-gen students benefiting from this program. And enrollment is up 24% across the district.

I do want to say because, it's important that what this program is doing, sports at College at San Mateo are much more than just an athletic endeavor led by the leadership of Coach Tulloch. It really represents the best of college athletics: commitment, discipline, the drive to be great in every aspect of life.

These are truly student athletes. I'm proud to say they excel in the classroom. This past season, the Bulldogs maintain an overall GPA of 3.43. Yes, definitely worth applauding; with 94 players earning a GPA of 3.0 or higher and 16 achieving a perfect 4.0. Of the students here today, all four are transferring to Division 1 schools.

Malaki Teo, Vacafuna, Soa Takeifanga , Simon Mapa, all transferring to Division 1 schools. I'd just like to also give a quick shout out. I can't name all the players that they told me, but the ones that are here from my district.

Addition to Jojo Flood and Sherrod Smith, who played football at Menlo Atherton with my son, Simon Mapa from Aragon, Simisi Latu from San Mateo, Nico Caruso, Sam Bruno, David Fanunga, Aragon, Dominique Lamkin, Sarah, and Jovan Williams from El Camino.

Please join me in giving a big round of applause to this team and all the folks up in the gallery today. Thank you. Due to the resolution -

Yep, Absolutely.

And we have a resolution I'd like to present to the team as well. We'll do that.

Members, we're going to move on to the last privilege of the floor. Senator Allen at the majority leader's desk. Last introduction. Senator Allen, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Madam President. Members, it's my honor this afternoon to welcome to our senate floor two extraordinary women leaders from Southern California from my neck of the woods that have been leading our community's recovery after the Palisades fire.

We're joined today by Los Angeles City councilwoman for the 11th district, Tracy Park, who has served Palisades and the west side since joining the council in 2022.

I'll tell you, Tracy and her team have been working so hard since the outbreak of the terrible fires to ensure that critical resources and up to date information are accessible to all those impacted by the disaster. Her caring, her commitment to the community and to its well being is so apparent to everyone who works with her.

She's a fighter for the people of the Palisades and it's been such an honor to stand with her as we've gone through this really difficult time.

And with her today, I think they flew up together, is my old high school friend who's now the Mayor of Santa Monica, Lana Negrete, who is a wonderful leader in her own right.

She's been on the City Council since 2021 and she was thrust into this leadership role as Santa Monica was handling so much of the impact of the fires, both with evacuations and people coming in and moving in and all the impacts we've had to our local economy.

So, these two wonderful female leaders are here today in Sacramento working to ensure that our communities get the strongest possible economic recovery in the months and years to come.

They are people who care deeply about our communities, and I just want to say personally how grateful I am to have them as incredible local partners as we work so hard to come out of this terrible tragedy for our community. They put their hearts and souls into this work. Everybody who knows them knows how much they care.

And I just want to ask my fellow, my colleagues, to welcome, to give a warm Senate welcome to the wonderful Mayor Lana Negrete and Councilwoman Tracy Park.

Members are going to move on with the agenda. Messages from the governor will be deemed read. Messages from the assembly will be deemed read. Reports of committee...reports of committee will be deemed read and amendments adopted. Members are going to move on to motion resolutions and notices.

Without objection, the senate journals for February 24, 2025, through February 27, 2025, will be approved as corrected by the minute clerk. Members are going to move on to consideration of the daily file and take up governor's appointments. We're starting with file item number three. Senator Grove, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Madam President. Colleagues, file item number three is the confirmation of Julie Garland for reappointment to the Board of Parole Hearings. Commissioner Garland first joined the parole board in 2021. Prior to this position, she was serving as a senior Assistant Attorney General for the Appeals Writs and Trial select section of the California Department of Justice.

She was approved by the Rules Committee on February 19th on a 5-0 vote. Respectfully ask for an aye vote.

Is there any discussion or debate on this item? Discussion or debate? Saying none. Please call the roll.

[Roll Call].

Please call the absent members.

[Roll Call].

Aye's: 34. No's: 1. The appointment is confirmed. Moving on to file item number four. Senator Grove, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Madam President. Colleagues, file item number four is David Ndudim for the reappointment to the Parole Hearings Board. Before his initial appointment in 2022, he was serving as a Board of Deputy Commissioner and the Administrative Law Judge. And prior to that, he was a solo practitioner for 19 years. He also was approved February 19 by the Rules Committee on a 5-0 vote. Respectfully for an aye vote.

Any discussion or debate? Seeing none, please call the roll.

[Roll Call].

Please call the absent members.

[Roll Call].

Aye's: 33. Please call the absent members one more time.

[Roll Call].

Aye's: 34. No's: 1. The appointment is confirmed, and under governor's appointment item number five, Senator Grove.

Thank you, Madam President. Colleagues, item number five is a confirmation of Emily Sheffield for appointment to the Board of Parole Hearings. Prior to this appointment, she is serving as Senior Appellate Attorney for the State of California 3rd District Court of Appeals.

And before that, she was a Civil Research Attorney for the Superior Court of California; again, approved a unanimous vote on a 5-0 vote on the Rules Committee on February 19th. Respectfully asked for an aye vote.

Any discussion or debate? Seeing none, please call the roll.

[Roll Call].

Please call the absent members.

[Roll Call].

Aye's: 34. No's: 1. The appointment is confirmed. Members, we are going to move on to senate third reading; file item number nine is Senator Niello. He is ready. Please read.

Senate Concurrent Resolution 7 by Senator Niello relative to permanent standard time.

Senator Niello.

Thank you, Madam Chair, and thank you for the opportunity to present SCR 7, which is a resolution promoting your good health. As you know, we're ticking closer to the clocks changing once again this upcoming weekend on March 9th. This is where we will spring forward to daylight savings and stop start the dreaded week of exhaustion that comes when we lose one hour of precious sleep. Now, I know this topic elicits differing opinions. I see at least one mic up. I'm sure that my colleague from Sacramento will speak in support.

But members, this is simply a resolution putting forth the scientific and health facts around standard time. This discussion is about biology. It's not about personal preference. Whether we like it or not, standard time is better for our health.

Medical study after medical study shows that when we make the switch to daylight savings, heart attacks, strokes, car accidents and medical errors go up. In addition, it has a negative effect on our youth.

This house decided a few years ago that the majority were in favor of more sleep for our students when we moved the school start times back. Daylight savings time forces them to rise in the dark, further disrupting their natural sleep. This is not beneficial for their health or their studies.

We know we perform better when we sleep well at night. And having daylight exposure closer to when we wake up better aligns us with the natural harmony of the Earth and our circadian rhythm.

All of these medical reasons are why the California Medical Association, the California Sleep Society, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the National Sleep Foundation, Sleep Research Society, and the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms all advise standard time as the best for our health today.

I hope that you will recognize - that you will join me in recognizing the health benefits of standard time by voting aye for SCR 7.

Senator Ashby.

Thank you so much. We all have items on this floor, for which there are people in our lives, that they judge all government by that one topic. And for me, this is the one for my brother who right on cue; just sent me a text about something else as if to remind me that if I do nothing else as an elected official ever in my life, if I can't stop changing time, I am an abject failure. That being said, as my very longtime friend and colleague for the other half of Sacramento knows, this is the shift in the other direction that I like less than the other shift.

I am however, going to support your resolution today. But I think it's important to note that it's a resolution and were it. A bill, I would hope that we would be finding a way to Daylight Savings Time, which I believe the benefits of are superior to standard time. I'm fully aware of the complications of the state versus the feds on this item, but I applaud my colleague for the effort because he's right. We can't keep doing this. It's madness. That said, I'm hopeful that it is. The exact opposite of this in the long run. Thank you.

So, you recommend an aye vote or wahhhhh? Senator Choi?

Thank you, Madam President. I am rising in strong support of SCR 7 as a joint author. In fact, I submitted the same bill, standard time as a permanent time. However, senator from Sacramento was one step ahead so I was asked to join him as a joint author rather than competing with the two different bills for the same idea.

As some of you may remember, when I was at the assembly, I did submit the same bill, same idea bill, but at that time originally it was standard time as a permanent time. But some people suggested if you change that opposite, the savings time as a permanent time, then I will support you with the different reasons.

And then I did that. But somehow when the same bill was introduced two years before that time, it was unanimously passed by colleagues of the assembly, but when it came to senate floor, it died. So, it didn't - so we've been struggling with this several years and at this time I chose standard time as a permanent time.

The reason being other than all the reasons that the senator from Sacramento illustrated. But when we adopt this one as a both house, then we don't have to put this one on the papers ballot. Because standard time is recognized, we don't need approval from the federal government either.

But when the daylight savings time is proposed by California, then my understanding is that Congress will have to approve of our decision. So, it'll be very, very simple without having to go through approval of the federal government as a standard time as a permanent time. When I introduced this bill, was it 5, 6 years ago.

I got so much media attention from San Francisco, Los Angeles, NBC, whatever. I was not that popular by the media. But this topic was so popular they wanted all the interviews and even including radio stations. So, I talk to several people as I meet them and many people, I don't care whether standard time or daylight savings time.

And we are tired of keep on changing the time and being late or losing the sleep. There are so many reasons that this illustrate to me, and they are all opposed to keep on changing spring forward or fall back two times. So, we have to keep on changing our clocks in a year.

So, I think it is very wise to adopt the standard time as permanent time. And the simplify we can implement it as soon as our colleagues approve. Of course, with the consent of assembly-fellow-members, I strongly urge you aye vote.

Thank you. Senator Jones.

Thank you, Madam President. Members, as we can see here, this is a typical expose of the problems of democracy. Everybody agrees there's a problem, but everybody is split on what the solution to that problem is.

One third of the people want daylight savings, one third of the people want standard time and one third of the people don't know the difference or can't make up their mind one way or the other. I am in the middle. I don't know the difference. I have a question for the author, Madam President. Senator from Sacramento, your purpose for -

Would you take a question?

Oh, all right.

Senator from Sacramento, is your purpose in running this bill to irritate the daylight savings folks or get the media attention that has been explained that might come as a result of running this bill?

My intent in bringing forward this resolution is to document and attest to the unquestioned health benefits of standard time.

Madam President, again I emphatically stand in the middle, and ask for an aye vote.

Is there any further discussion or debate? I know that everybody wants to speak on this item. I just know it. Senator Niello, you may conclude.

Thank you, Madam President. I have been running an informal poll on this while. I've been making speeches out in the public since last spring: 5, 6 times. And I find that frankly almost everybody wants to ditch the switch. It's just a question of which switch to ditch.

When I first said that, my Chief of Staff accused me of listening to too much Dr. Seuss. But this resolution is not about ditching the switch, nor is it about which switch to ditch. Although I will say in my informal polls, everybody wants to ditch the switch. And overwhelmingly, people want to go to permanent standard time.

Honest, in every time I've asked the question, not an official poll, but nonetheless, this resolution is not about ditching the switch. It is about the provable and unquestioned benefits of standard time. Medical, community and sleep experts unanimously state that standard time is better for our health. I request an aye vote on SCR 7.

Members, this is eligible for unanimous roll call. Is there any objection for using unanimous roll call? There's an objection. There is one. There is an objection. Madam Secretary, please call the roll.

[Roll Call].

Please call the absent members.

[Roll Call].

Ayes: 23. No's: 6. The resolution is adopted. Members. Members, we're not done yet. We have a couple more things. Committee announcements: Senator Cortese.

Thank you, Madam President. There will be a Joint Hearing of the Senate and Assembly Transportation Committees in room 1100 immediately after session.

Members, we're not finished yet. We have one more item and we're going to return to motions and resolutions, and this is the time to address adjourn in memory. So, we're going to move on to Senator Padilla. If you would show them all due respect and pay attention.

Thank you very much, Madam President and colleagues; it's my honor to rise today to adjourn in the memory of Jason Sidley, dedicated civil servant, devoted husband and loving father. Jason was born in Biloxi, Mississippi, but grew up in the Bay Area and eventually attended Sacramento State, where he would meet the love of his life, Brandy.

They both shared a passion for travel and photography, and for over a decade they worked together as a family and wedding photographers on weekends. Together, they shared over 20 years together and raised two fantastic daughters, Sophie and Cece. I can attest Cece is an amazing member of my legislative staff.

Jason loved being a father and took an incredibly active role in his daughter's lives, going to every school event, every field trip, and even judging school science fairs. He was known to sing around the house, and I'm told he became an avid Swiftie.

Jason also coached both Cece and Sophie softball teams, eventually serving as both the manager for the teams, as well as the recruitment liaison, and helping not just his daughter Cece, but other teammates achieve their dreams of playing softball at the collegiate level.

That same sense of helping anyone who needed it carried into his professional life as a civil engineer as well. Starting with the Sacramento County Department of Water Resources in 1991, he led storm drainage and water treatment projects before joining the California Department of Water Resources in 2010.

At DWR, Jason became a respected flood management expert, contributing to major reports and securing congressional support for flood preparedness. His leadership and vision have left a lasting impact on flood management in California and are a testament to his passion for helping others.

I had the pleasure to meet him once and after our discussion, Jason was so excited he went home, and he sent Cece several maps and information about environmental resistance and flood management for my district. I also noted the great passion and pride he had in Cece.

He passed away this past summer after a courageous battle with a rare type of cancer. The lessons of love and humor and dedication that he imparted to his family have become foundational to how they approach every day.

Whether it's to make sure your loved ones know how much you care for them every day, or no matter how fancy the restaurant is, as long as you tip well, you can wear Birkenstocks and a T-shirt and get away with it. We're joined today, in the gallery up here to my right, by his family.

His wife, Brandy, his daughter Cece and Sophie, his parents, Barb and Chris, his Aunt Mary, and his in-laws, Janice, Burt, Sandy, and Gary. May he rest in peace. May his memory be a blessing. Madam President, for these reasons, I ask that the senate adjourn in his memory.

Please bring his name forward to the desk so that he may be appropriately memorialized. And please accept the condolence of the entire senate for the loss of your family member. If there is no other business, Mr. P.T. McGuire, the desk is clear.

Thank you. Madam President. To families here today, thank you. Thank you so much, Senator Padilla, for that very personal adjourned memory; want to thank this body for the conversation here today. The next floor session will be scheduled for this Thursday, March 6th at 9am. Have a productive week.

Members, the senate is adjourned. We will reconvene Thursday, March 6, 2025, at 9:00am.