Existing law establishes the California Environmental Protection Agency, under the supervision of the Secretary for Environmental Protection, consisting of various departments, boards, and offices, and vests the agency with authority over various environmental matters.

This bill would require the California Environmental Protection Agency, until January 1, 2028, to hold at least 4 public meetings per year, with the first meeting occurring on or before March 31, 2024, to, among other things, provide members of the public with current information on the agencys efforts to study and mitigate DDT and other chemical waste located at Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2 off the coast of Los Angeles. The bill would require the agency, on or before June 30, 2026, to report to the Legislature with policy recommendations on how to further mitigate the negative impacts of anthropogenic chemical waste deposits at or from the dumpsites, as provided.

Date of Hearing: April 19, 2023

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

Chris Holden, Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:AB 343

Author:(Muratsuchi) – As Introduced Ver:January 31, 2023

Urgency: No State Mandated Local Program: No Reimbursable: No

SUMMARY:

This bill requires the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) to hold public meetings with relevant local, state, and federal agencies on efforts to study and mitigate dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) off the coast of California.

Specifically, this bill:

1) Requires CalEPA to convene at least four public meetings per year, with the first meeting occurring on or before March 31, 2024, to provide members of the public with current information on CalEPA's efforts to study and mitigate DDT and other chemical waste at Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2, and to receive input from the public through oral and written comments regarding dumped chemical waste and its effects on the Southern California Bight.

2) Requires CalEPA to request representatives from relevant federal, state, and local agencies to attend the public meetings, including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board), Department of Toxic Substances Control, and the California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) and requires the meetings to be held in areas with coastlines reasonably close to Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2.

3) Requires CalEPA, on or before June 30, 2026, to submit policy recommendations to the Legislature on how to further mitigate the negative impacts of anthropogenic chemical waste deposits at or from Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2, with a focus on those that impact the Southern California Bight.

4) Requires CalEPA, in developing the report, to consider the impact of policy recommendations on the environment, local communities, Indigenous cultures, and public health; the technical and financial feasibility of the policy recommendations; and the impact on the environment, local communities, Indigenous cultures, and public if no action is taken to mitigate the effects of chemical waste at Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2.

5) Sunsets on January 1, 2028.

FISCAL EFFECT:

The State Water Board estimates costs of approximately $2.7 million over four years (General Fund) for technical, administrative, and information technology staff to implement the requirements of this bill, including convening at least four public meetings per year for four years and submitting policy recommendations to the Legislature.

COMMENTS:

1) Purpose. According to the author:

The rediscovery of DDT off the coast of San Pedro and the Palos Verdes Peninsula is concerning and has lead California’s Environmental Protection Agency to work with scientists and federal partners to develop cleanup and mitigation strategies. However, despite significant public interest and concern, little information has been made available to the public on the dangers the chemical waste presents, what questions remain unanswered, and what next steps policymakers, researchers, and the general public should be taking to mitigate the damage from this waste site. AB 343 requires the California Environmental Protection Agency to convene meetings of agency representatives, local leaders, and the public to hear their concerns and disclose the agency’s progress. This will help educate local stakeholders on how best to protect themselves and ensure that the development of any mitigation efforts at the waste site is a transparent and collaborative process. The bill would also require the agency to report potential mitigation strategies to the Legislature.

2) Background. DDT. DDT is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless insecticide. Starting in the late 1940s, DDT, which is capable of killing hundreds of different kinds of insects at once, was extensively used to combat insect-borne diseases like malaria and typhus around the world. In 1962, Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring, described how DDT entered the food chain and accumulated in the fatty tissues of animals, including human beings, causing cancer and genetic damage. DDT is highly persistent in the environment and has a half-life of 150 years in the aquatic environment, meaning that it will take hundreds of years to break down. Before it was banned for use in the United States in 1972, approximately 675,000 tons of DDT were applied domestically.

Legacy of DDT Manufacturing. The Montrose Chemical Corporation of California was the largest producer of DDT in the U.S. from 1947 until it stopped production in 1982. Even though DDT was banned for use in the U.S. after 1972, companies continued domestic production of DDT in order to export DDT to other countries. Between the late 1950s and early 1970s, the company was responsible for discharging an estimated 870 to 1450 tons of DDT into the ocean via Los Angeles County’s sewer system, which contaminated sediment on the ocean floor off the coast of Los Angeles on the Palos Verdes Shelf. U.S. EPA added the Montrose Chemical Corporation site to the Superfund National Priorities List in 1989. The cleanup of the Palos Verdes Shelf is still ongoing. Records indicate that Montrose and other companies dumped hundreds of thousands of barrels containing waste laced with DDT at a deep sea site located between the California coast and Santa Catalina Island between 1947 and 1961.

Impacts of DDT Dumping in Southern California. The rediscovered DDT waste dumping site off the north coast of Santa Catalina Island represents a significant threat to the health of marine life in those waters and all the animals in the food chain dependent on that marine life. DDT is highly persistent and moves from contaminated sediments into the water. Therefore, although the dumping of DDT stopped in 1982, the Palos Verdes Shelf remains contaminated to date, as does the recently rediscovered dumping site. Since 1985, fish consumption advisories and health warnings have been posted in Southern California because of elevated DDT and other contaminant levels. High levels of DDT contamination have been found in both bottom-feeding fish and predators alike.

Ongoing Efforts. The area of the ocean floor this bill seeks to address is outside the three nautical mile limit of state jurisdiction. Therefore, federal agencies would be the lead authority for any cleanup and mitigation effort. However, the State Water Board is engaged in an ad-hoc interagency workgroup with state and federal agencies, including CalEPA, CNRA, the California Ocean Protection Council (OPC), and USEPA. Staff from the State Water Board and Los Angeles Regional Water Board participate in meetings with the ad-hoc interagency workgroup to coordinate and oversee mitigation and remediation efforts of Dumpsite-2.

Funding. The federal government recently allocated $5.6 million in funding to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego to improve characterization of the extent of the dumpsite and support additional monitoring and research. At the state level, the Budget Act of 2022 allocated $5.6 million General Fund to provide financial assistance for DDT cleanup. In December 2022, the State Water Board approved a resolution authorizing its Deputy Director of the Division of Water Quality to provide this funding to California Sea Grant to solicit and fund research and community outreach projects. State Water Board staff is collaborating with the Los Angeles Regional Water Board and OPC to determine the types of research needed to determine appropriate DDT cleanup and mitigation measures along the southern California coast.

3) Prior Legislation. AJR 2 (O' Donnell), Chapter 142, Statutes of 2021, requested that the US Congress and US EPA take all measures necessary to ensure that the DDT waste dumped near Santa Catalina Island does not cause further harm to the citizens, wildlife, and natural resources of California.

AB 1553 (O'Donnell), of the 2021-2022 Legislative Session, would have established the Southern Los Angeles Ocean Chemical Waste Community Oversight Council under CalEPA to oversee the study and mitigation of the toxic waste at Dumpsite-2. AB 1553 was referred to this committee but not scheduled for a hearing.

AB 2758 (O'Donnell), of the 2021-2022 Legislative Session, was substantially similar to this bill. AB 2758 was held on the Senate Appropriations Committee’s suspense file.

Analysis Prepared by: Nikita Koraddi / APPR. / (916) 319-2081

Date of Hearing: March 14, 2023

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND TOXIC MATERIALS

Alex Lee, Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:AB 343 (

Author:Muratsuchi) – As Introduced Ver:January 31, 2023

SUBJECT: Southern Los Angeles: ocean dumpsites: chemical waste

SUMMARY: Requires the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) to hold public meetings with relevant local, state, and federal agencies on efforts to study and mitigate DDT off the coast of California. Specifically, this bill:

1) Defines "DDT" as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or any metabolite or byproduct thereof.

2) Defines "Dumpsite-1" as the waters of the San Pedro Basin off the coast of Los Angeles, approximately 10 nautical miles northwest of Catalina Island; where chemical waste, including, but not limited to, DDT, was known to be dumped and has been detected.

3) Defines "Dumpsite-2" as the water of the San Pedro Basin off the coast of Los Angeles where chemical waste, including, but not limited to, DDT, has been detected.

4) Defines "Southern California Bight" as the open embayment of the Pacific Ocean bounded on the east by the reach of the North American coastline extending from Point Conception, California, to Cabo Colnett, Baja California, Mexico, and on the west by the California Current, within which 14 known historic dumpsites for chemical waste exist.

5) Requires CalEPA to convene at least four public meetings annually, with the first meeting to be held on or before March 31, 2024, to provide members of the public with current information on CalEPA's efforts to study and mitigate DDT and other chemical waste at Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2 and to receive input from the public through written and oral comments regarding dumped chemical waste and its effects on the Southern California Bight.

6) Requires CalEPA, when holding public meetings on efforts to study and mitigate DDT, to request representatives from the relevant local, state, and federal agencies to attend. Requires that these meetings are held in areas with coastlines reasonably close to Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2.

7) Requires CalEPA, on or before June 30, 2026, to submit policy recommendations to the Legislature aimed at further mitigating the negative impacts of anthropogenic chemical waste deposits at or from Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2, especially those impacts on the Southern California Bight. In developing the report, CalEPA shall consider:

a) The impacts of policy recommendations on the environment, local communities, Indigenous cultures, and public health;

b) The technical and financial feasibility of the policy recommendations; and,

c) The impact on the environment, local communities, Indigenous cultures, and public health of taking no action to mitigate the effects of chemical waste at Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2.

8) Sunsets the provisions of the bill on January 1, 2028.

EXISTING LAW:

1. Provides, pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as the federal Superfund law, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) with authority over the remediation of uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment. (42 United States Code (USC) § 9601, et seq.)
2. Prohibits, pursuant to the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA, also known as the Ocean Dumping Act), the dumping of material into the ocean that would unreasonably degrade or endanger human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities. (33 USC § 1401 et seq.)
3. Requires the State Water board to formulate and adopt a water quality control plan for ocean waters of the state, known as the California Ocean Plan (Plan). The Plan shall be reviewed at least every three years to guarantee that the current standards are adequate and are not allowing degradation to indigenous marine species or posing a threat to human health. Requires the State Water Board in formulating the Plan to develop bioassay protocols to evaluate the effect of municipal and industrial waste discharges on the marine environment. (Water Code § 13170.2)

FISCAL EFFECT: Unknown.

COMMENTS:

Need for the bill: According to the author,

"California’s coastal and marine waters are among the state’s most precious resources. Los Angeles County’s ocean economy alone has created an estimated 200,000 jobs and $20 billion in gross county output. Its conservation is essential to the preservation of both marine wildlife and California’s thriving ocean economy. That is why the rediscovery of DDT off the coast of San Pedro and the Palos Verdes Peninsula is concerning and has lead California’s Environmental Protection Agency to work with scientists and federal partners to develop cleanup and mitigation strategies. However, despite significant public interest and concern, little information has been made available to the public on the dangers the chemical waste presents, what questions remain unanswered, and what next steps policymakers, researchers, and the general public should be taking to mitigate the damage from this waste site.

AB 343 requires the California Environmental Protection Agency to convene meetings of agency representatives, local leaders, and the public to hear their concerns and disclose the agency’s progress. This will help educate local stakeholders on how best to protect themselves and ensure that the development of any mitigation efforts at the waste site is a transparent and collaborative process. The bill would also require the agency to report potential mitigation strategies to the Legislature."

What is DDT? Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless insecticide. Starting in the late 1940s, DDT was extensively used to combat insect-borne diseases, like malaria and typhus, around the world. It was credited with eradicating malaria in the United States and was also widely used in agricultural and commercial settings for pest control. Unlike most pesticides, whose effectiveness is limited to destroying one or two types of insects, DDT was capable of killing hundreds of different kinds of insects at once.

In 1962, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring meticulously described how DDT entered the food chain and accumulated in the fatty tissues of animals, including human beings, and caused cancer and genetic damage. A single application on a crop, she wrote, killed insects for weeks and months—not only the targeted insects but countless more—and remained toxic in the environment even after it was diluted by rainwater.

DDT has been shown to cause liver cancer in laboratory animals. It is stored in fatty tissues which results in biomagnification. Biomagnification means that DDT levels in animals increase in concentration farther up the food chain. DDT is highly acutely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Even though DDT is only slightly acutely toxic to birds, it can cause significant reproductive problems. Notably, one of the breakdown products of DDT causes the eggshells of birds to become thinner. This makes the eggs of birds crack under the weight of adult birds, interfering with birds’ ability to reproduce and damaging bird populations.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), human health effects of DDT at low levels in the environment are unknown. However, DDT is listed as a possible human carcinogen and a growing number of studies have linked it to endocrine disrupting effects, like increased incidences of obesity and early onset of menstruation. It is possible that these effects could impact future generations (even if they are exposed to lower levels of DDT), as studies linked DDT levels in mothers during and just after pregnancy to impacts on those women and subsequent generations. These effects included breast cancer in the mothers themselves, obesity in their adult daughters, and obesity and early onset of menstruation in their granddaughters. Exposure to high doses of DDT can result in vomiting, tremors, and seizures.

DDT is highly persistent in the environment and has a half-life of 150 years in the aquatic environment, meaning that it will take hundreds of years to break down. Before it was banned for use in the United States by the US EPA, approximately 675,000 tons of DDT were applied domestically. Due to its widespread usage and persistence, DDT contamination is still a relevant environmental concern. Rising concerns about carcinogenicity, bioaccumulation, and health effects on wildlife led to a ban on DDT use in the United States in 1972.

History of ocean disposal of wastes: According to the US EPA, "From the 1930s until the early 1970s, multiple government agencies (the California Regional Water Quality Control Board and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) approved ocean disposal of domestic, industrial, and military waste at 14 deep-water locations off the coast of Southern California. Waste disposed included: refinery wastes, filter cakes and oil drilling wastes, chemical waste, refuse and garbage, military explosives and radioactive wastes. Very little is known about the history of this deep-ocean disposal, the nature of the wastes, or waste sources."

Legacy of DDT manufacturing in California: The Montrose Chemical Corporation of California was the largest producer of the insecticide DDT in the United States from 1947 until it stopped production in 1982. Even though DDT was banned for use in the United States after 1972, production continued in order to export DDT to other countries.

Between the late 1950s and early 1970s, the company was responsible for discharging an estimated 870-1450 tons of DDT into the ocean via the county's sewer system, which contaminated sediment on the ocean floor off the coast of Los Angeles on the Palos Verdes Shelf. In 1971, the last year Montrose used the county sewers, an estimated 50,500 pounds of DDT were discharged from the outfalls. PCBs, an­other persistent hazardous substance, also formed part of the industrial waste stream that was discharged to the sewer system until their ban in 1976. After these persistent pollutants ceased to dominate the waste steam, Los Angeles County Sanitation District continued discharging treated waste onto Palos Verdes Shelf. This created a layer of cleaner sediment on top of the DDT- and PCB-contaminated sediment.

The US EPA added the Montrose Chemical Corporation site to the Superfund National Priorities List in 1989. The site includes the former main plant near Torrance, California, stormwater pathways near the former plant, and a section of the Palos Verdes shelf. The cleanup of the Palos Verdes Shelf is still ongoing.

The San Pedro Bay Dominguez Channel was another recipient of runoff from Montrose. Consolidated Slip, the part of Inner Harbor immediately downstream of Dominguez Channel, continues to exhibit a very impacted benthic (bottom feeder) invertebrate community.

In the 1980s, it was discovered that Montrose Chemical Corporation contracted with California Salvage to dispose of acid waste from the DDT manufacturing process by dumping it off the coast of California. Records indicated that hundreds of thousands of barrels containing waste laced with DDT were dumped at a deep sea site located between the California coast and Santa Catalina Island between 1947 and 1961.

In April 2021, researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conducted a survey to map the dump site. They found more than 27,000 barrels of what potentially could be DDT on the ocean floor between the Palos Verdes Peninsula and Catalina Island. The survey, conducted from March 10 to 24, 2021, mapped more than 36,000 acres of seafloor — at depths of up to 3,000 feet, and about 12 miles offshore from the Palos Verdes Peninsula and eight miles from Catalina — in an area where scientists had previously discovered an accumulation of DDT. But, the mapping sonars cannot determine the contents of the barrels, which remains unknown.

The two confirmed deep ocean DDT disposal sites, often referred to as Disposal Sites #1 and #2, are approximately 10 miles from the Palos Verdes Shelf. Disposal Site #1 encompasses multiple slopes in the Santa Monica Basin and thus contains a mix of depths. In contrast, Disposal Site #2 is located at the deepest extent of the San Pedro Basin (~900 meters) and is relatively flat. These topographic characteristics may drive differences in the transport and fate of DDT by biological and non-biological mechanisms, as well as pose unique challenges to investigations at each site. Federal investigations to date have focused on Disposal Site #2, the location where Scripps Institution of Oceanography conducted a preliminary survey in early 2021.

Impacts to wildlife in Southern California: The rediscovered DDT waste dumping site off the north coast of Santa Catalina Island represents a significant threat to the health of marine life in those waters and all animals in the food chain dependent on that marine life. DDT is highly persistent and moves from contaminated sediments into the water. Therefore, although the dumping of DDT stopped in 1982, the Palos Verdes Shelf remains contaminated to date and the recently rediscovered dumping site is still contaminated as well.

Since 1985, fish consumption advisories and health warnings have been posted in Southern California because of elevated DDT and other contaminant levels. Bottom-feeding fish are particularly at risk for high levels of contamination. Consumption of white croaker, which has the highest contamination levels, should be avoided and commercial fishing of white croaker has been banned in the area since 1990. Other bottom-feeding fish, including kelp bass, rockfish, queenfish, black croaker, sheepshead, surfperches, and sculpin, are also highly contaminated.

The high DDT levels in fish are reflected in predators that eat fish as well, including dolphins and birds of prey. A 2015 study by researchers from San Diego State University found high levels of DDT and other human-made chemicals in the blubber of bottlenose dolphins that died of natural causes. The Institute for Wildlife Studies, a conservation organization on Catalina Island, has worked to restore bald eagles to the island on Santa Catalina Island Conservancy land since the late 1970s. Bald eagles had been common on the island until the 1960s, when it is believed that the effects of dumping DDT off the coast of Southern California made it impossible for eagles to successfully hatch their young. Until as recently as 2007, bald eagles on the Island were unable to reproduce.

Recent action: With the recent public interest in the DDT dumpsite off the coast of California, spurred by an October 25, 2020, Los Angeles Times article about recent exploration of historic deep-water ocean disposal of DDT waste, US EPA and several federal, state, and local agencies (the Collaborating Agencies) began working together to see if advances in technology enable a new look at this issue. In 2021, the Collaborating Agencies began developing plans to (1) further understand the site, including potential waste volumes and composition, (2) investigate potential risk to human health and the environment, and (3) identify strategies that may be available to reduce adverse impacts.

The Collaborating Agencies include: the US EPA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Department of the Interior, the California Natural Resources Agency, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Ocean Protection Counsel, CalEPA, the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board, the State Water Resources Control Board, and the Department of Toxic Substances Control.

The Collaborating Agencies decided to focus on Disposal Site #2, the location where Scripps Institution of Oceanography conducted a preliminary survey in early 2021 that mapped the debris field, and which was also the subject of recent scientific research. The Collaborating Agencies jointly developed four tasks to better understand the extent and impacts of the ocean waste disposal. These tasks are:

1) Document the operational and regulatory history of Disposal Site #2;

2) Determine the nature of contamination of Disposal Site #2 and identify areas of significant drum disposal;

3) Evaluate Southern California Bight environmental conditions and trends; and,

4) If conditions at Disposal Site #2 are determined to threaten human health or the environment, conduct technology screening of potential options for addressing risk for Disposal Site #2.

The Collaborating Agencies have focused primarily on the first two tasks; the third and fourth will follow after the first two are complete.

New study calling for more research: According to a 2023 report released by the University of Southern California Sea Grant and California Sea Grant, "A Deep Ocean DDT+ Research Needs Assessment for the Southern California Bight", the four research needs that emerged as priorities include:

1) Investing funding early in the characterization of the extent of DDT in deep ocean sediments in order to provide direction and management context to all other compiled human and ecosystem health research needs;

2) More research is needed to learn about the toxicity of the 45 plus DDT-related compounds on local marine and coastal organisms;

3) Research is necessary to mitigate risk, particularly for vulnerable human populations, even while research examining routes of exposure and impacts is still underway; and,

4) Examination of best practices to communicate the actual risks of deep ocean DDT exposure and dispel inaccurate assumptions in order to communicate specific exposure risks to different user groups.

Additionally, according to the report, "Overall, this inclusive and community-driven Assessment aims to empower funding agencies, researchers, and communities with a holistic perspective of critical DDT research needs to address in the immediate future. Continued engagement of the scientific, management, tribal, industry, and diverse, local communities will be integral to an effective transition to implementing these priority research areas. Despite Southern California’s complicated history with DDT, this moment presents an opportunity for a new chapter written by exceptionally collaborative, innovative, and efficient research driving meaningful management decisions."

This bill: AB 343 requires CalEPA to hold public meetings, with relevant local, state, and federal agencies to provide current information to the public on efforts to mitigate and study DDT at Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2. Additionally, by holding these meetings, CalEPA may also hear from other scientists and academic researchers with information on DDT and Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2. While there are several different local, state, and federal agencies working to study and mitigate DDT at Dumpsite-1 and Dumpsite-2, there does not seem to be one entity, at least in California, that is responsible for providing centralized and updated information to the public. Additionally, requiring CalEPA to hold public meetings presents an opportunity for involvement of communities impacted by this pollution.

Arguments in Support: According to Heal the Bay, "Heal the Bay is pleased to sponsor and offer its strong support for AB 343 (Muratsuchi) which will establish public meetings on the ocean dumping of toxic DDT off the coast of Southern California. Currently, there is not a clear or easy way for the public or for stakeholders to get updates on this critical issue, to voice concerns, or to understand progress and next steps to protect public and environmental health. AB 343 is a critical first step in increasing transparency, rebuilding public trust, and tackling this massive problem that has repercussions for human and environmental health. Requiring the California Environmental Protection Agency to convene public meetings allows the public and stakeholders to be informed, have a voice, and help promote progress in addressing this overwhelming environmental and public health disaster. With an issue of such urgency, centralized public efforts are needed to ensure good communication and accountability on progress."

Related legislation:

1) AB 2758 (O'Donnell, 2022). Would have required CalEPA to hold public meetings with relevant local, state, and federal agencies on efforts to study and mitigate DDT off the coast of California. This bill was held on the suspense file in the Senate Appropriations Committee.

2) AB 1553 (O'Donnell, 2021). Would have established the Southern Los Angeles Ocean Chemical Waste Community Oversight Council (Council) under CalEPA to oversee the study and mitigation of the toxic waste at Dumpsite-2. This bill was not heard in the Assembly Appropriations Committee and subsequently died on file.

3) AJR 2 (O' Donnell, Chapter 142, Statutes of 2021). Requests that the United States Congress and US EPA take all measures necessary to ensure that the DDT waste dumped near Santa Catalina Island does not cause further harm to the citizens, wildlife, and natural resources of California.

REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION:

Support

A Voice for Choice Advocacy
Clean Water Action
Heal the Bay
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts

Opposition

None on file.

Analysis Prepared by: Josh Tooker / E.S. & T.M. /