WHEREAS, A year before his assassination, in a speech given at a Southern Christian Leadership Conference staff retreat in May 1967, the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. announced, I think it is necessary for us to realize that we have moved from the era of civil rights to the era of human rights... and further stated, that there must be a radical redistribution of economic and political power; and

WHEREAS, Later that year, in December 1967, Rev. Dr. King announced the plan to bring together poor people from across the country for a new march on Washington. The purpose of the march was to demand better jobs, better homes, and better education, in sum, better lives than the ones the poor were living; and

WHEREAS, As an initial step to build the power needed to achieve the goal of a radical redistribution of political and economic power, Rev. Dr. King, with other leaders of the poor including Johnnie Tillmon of the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO), worked to establish the main elements of the platform for the Poor Peoples Campaign (the Campaign) of 1968; and

WHEREAS, An important aspect of the Campaign was petitioning the government to pass an Economic Bill of Rights as a step to lift individuals out of poverty. The Campaign aimed for a $30 billion annual appropriation for a real war on poverty, congressional passage of legislation to attain full employment and guaranteed income, including a guaranteed annual wage, and construction of 500,000 low-cost housing units per year until slums were eliminated; and

WHEREAS, The Campaign consisted of three phases. The first phase was to construct a shantytown, to be known as Resurrection City, and located on the National Mall between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. With permits from the National Park Service, Resurrection City was intended to house between 1,500 to 3,000 Campaign participants. Other participants would be housed in group and family residences located around the metropolitan area. The second phase was to begin public demonstrations, mass nonviolent civil disobedience, and mass arrests to protest the plight of the poor in this country. The final phase of the Campaign was to launch a nationwide boycott of major industries and shopping areas as a means of prompting business leaders to pressure Congress into meeting the demands of the Campaign; and

WHEREAS, Despite the assassination of Rev. Dr. King on April 4, 1968, the Campaign went forward. Beginning in Washington, key leaders of the Campaign gathered to engage in lobbying efforts and media events before dispersing around the country to formally launch regional caravans to bring thousands of participants to Washington; and

WHEREAS, The efforts of the Campaign peaked in the Solidarity Day Rally for Jobs, Peace, and Freedom on June 19, 1968. Fifty thousand people joined the 3,000 participants living at Resurrection City to support the demands of the Campaign on Solidarity Day; and

WHEREAS, Civil rights organizer and activist Bayard Rustin put forth a proposal for an Economic Bill of Rights for Solidarity Day, which called for the federal government to: 1) recommit to the Employment Act of 1946 and legislate the immediate creation of at least one million socially useful career jobs in public service; 2) adopt the pending Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968; 3) repeal the 90th Congresss punitive welfare restrictions in the Social Security Act 1967; 4) extend to all farmworkers the right guaranteed under the National Labor Relations Act to organize agricultural labor unions; and 5) restore funding to programs benefitting the poor that were subject to budget cuts, including bilingual education, Head Start, summer job programs, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965; and

WHEREAS, Unfortunately, the Campaign was unable to achieve the unity and organization needed to complete all three of the planned stages and to form the new and unsettling force capable of disrupting complacent national life and achieving an economic bill of rights. The assassinations of Rev. Dr. King and Senator Robert Kennedy, a key proponent of the Campaign and a Presidential candidate, only served to cripple the Campaign and drastically limit its impact. The Rev. Dr. King emphasized the need for poor whites, Blacks, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans to unite. He asserted that the Campaign would only be successful if the poor could come together across all the obstacles and barriers set up to divide them, and if they could overcome the attention and resources being diverted because of United States engagement in the Vietnam War; and

WHEREAS, The night before his assassination, in Rev. Dr. Kings Promised Land speech, he explained that poor people being disunited only helped the rich and the powerful. He stated, [W]henever Pharaoh wanted to prolong the period of slavery in Egypt, he had a favorite, favorite formula for doing it. What was that? He kept the slaves fighting among themselves. But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaohs court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery. When the slaves get together, thats the beginning of getting out of slavery; and

WHEREAS, According to political historians such as Barbara Cruikshank, the poor did not conceive of themselves as a unified group until President Lyndon Johnsons War on Poverty, declared in 1964, identified them as such. Figures from the 1960 census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Commerce Department, and the Federal Reserve estimated that anywhere from 40 to 60 million Americansor 22 to 33 percentlived below the poverty line; and

WHEREAS, In 1967, an estimated 43.1 million Americans lived in poverty according to an official measure. Rev. Dr. Kings influence in America has helped to change the poverty rate, but much work still needs to be done to help the war on poverty; and

WHEREAS, Californias poverty rate currently stands at 14.3 percent, according to official poverty statistics; and

WHEREAS, The official poverty rate in America is 12.7 percent, based on the United States Census Bureaus 2016 estimates. In 2016, there were 40.6 million people in poverty; and

WHEREAS, This spring marks the 50th anniversary of the Poor Peoples Campaign of 1968. This landmark presents an opportunity for us to examine where we have been as a nation with respect to the interests of the poor, and the work that still needs to be completed; now, therefore, be it

WHEREAS, A year before his assassination, in a speech given at a Southern Christian Leadership Conference staff retreat in May 1967, the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. announced, I think it is necessary for us to realize that we have moved from the era of civil rights to the era of human rights... and further stated, that there must be a radical redistribution of economic and political power; and

WHEREAS, Later that year, in December 1967, Rev. Dr. King announced the plan to bring together poor people from across the country for a new march on Washington. The purpose of the march was to demand better jobs, better homes, and better education, in sum, better lives than the ones the poor were living; and

WHEREAS, As an initial step to build the power needed to achieve the goal of a radical redistribution of political and economic power, Rev. Dr. King, with other leaders of the poor including Johnnie Tillmon of the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO), worked to establish the main elements of the platform for the Poor Peoples Campaign (the Campaign) of 1968; and

WHEREAS, An important aspect of the Campaign was petitioning the government to pass an Economic Bill of Rights as a step to lift individuals out of poverty. The Campaign aimed for a $30 billion annual appropriation for a real war on poverty, congressional passage of legislation to attain full employment and guaranteed income, including a guaranteed annual wage, and construction of 500,000 low-cost housing units per year until slums were eliminated; and

WHEREAS, The Campaign consisted of three phases. The first phase was to construct a shantytown, to be known as Resurrection City, and located on the National Mall between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. With permits from the National Park Service, Resurrection City was intended to house between 1,500 to 3,000 Campaign participants. Other participants would be housed in group and family residences located around the metropolitan area. The second phase was to begin public demonstrations, mass nonviolent civil disobedience, and mass arrests to protest the plight of the poor in this country. The final phase of the Campaign was to launch a nationwide boycott of major industries and shopping areas as a means of prompting business leaders to pressure Congress into meeting the demands of the Campaign; and

WHEREAS, Despite the assassination of Rev. Dr. King on April 4, 1968, the Campaign went forward. Beginning in Washington, key leaders of the Campaign gathered to engage in lobbying efforts and media events before dispersing around the country to formally launch regional caravans to bring thousands of participants to Washington; and

WHEREAS, The efforts of the Campaign peaked in the Solidarity Day Rally for Jobs, Peace, and Freedom on June 19, 1968. Fifty thousand people joined the 3,000 participants living at Resurrection City to support the demands of the Campaign on Solidarity Day; and

WHEREAS, Civil rights organizer and activist Bayard Rustin put forth a proposal for an Economic Bill of Rights for Solidarity Day, which called for the federal government to: 1) recommit to the Employment Act of 1946 and legislate the immediate creation of at least one million socially useful career jobs in public service; 2) adopt the pending Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968; 3) repeal the 90th Congresss punitive welfare restrictions in the Social Security Act 1967; 4) extend to all farmworkers the right guaranteed under the National Labor Relations Act to organize agricultural labor unions; and 5) restore funding to programs benefitting the poor that were subject to budget cuts, including bilingual education, Head Start, summer job programs, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965; and

WHEREAS, Unfortunately, the Campaign was unable to achieve the unity and organization needed to complete all three of the planned stages and to form the new and unsettling force capable of disrupting complacent national life and achieving an economic bill of rights. The assassinations of Rev. Dr. King and Senator Robert Kennedy, a key proponent of the Campaign and a Presidential candidate, only served to cripple the Campaign and drastically limit its impact. The Rev. Dr. King emphasized the need for poor whites, Blacks, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans to unite. He asserted that the Campaign would only be successful if the poor could come together across all the obstacles and barriers set up to divide them, and if they could overcome the attention and resources being diverted because of United States engagement in the Vietnam War; and

WHEREAS, The night before his assassination, in Rev. Dr. Kings Promised Land speech, he explained that poor people being disunited only helped the rich and the powerful. He stated, [W]henever Pharaoh wanted to prolong the period of slavery in Egypt, he had a favorite, favorite formula for doing it. What was that? He kept the slaves fighting among themselves. But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaohs court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery. When the slaves get together, thats the beginning of getting out of slavery; and

WHEREAS, According to political historians such as Barbara Cruikshank, the poor did not conceive of themselves as a unified group until President Lyndon Johnsons War on Poverty, declared in 1964, identified them as such. Figures from the 1960 census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Commerce Department, and the Federal Reserve estimated that anywhere from 40 to 60 million Americansor 22 to 33 percentlived below the poverty line; and

WHEREAS, In 1967, an estimated 43.1 million Americans lived in poverty according to an official measure. Rev. Dr. Kings influence in America has helped to change the poverty rate, but much work still needs to be done to help the war on poverty; and

WHEREAS, Californias poverty rate currently stands at 14.3 percent, according to official poverty statistics; and

WHEREAS, The official poverty rate in America is 12.7 percent, based on the United States Census Bureaus 2016 estimates. In 2016, there were 40.6 million people in poverty; and

WHEREAS, This spring marks the 50th anniversary of the Poor Peoples Campaign of 1968. This landmark presents an opportunity for us to examine where we have been as a nation with respect to the interests of the poor, and the work that still needs to be completed; now, therefore, be it

 THIRD READING 

Bill No: SR 101

Author: Bradford (D), Hueso (D), Mitchell (D), and Pan (D)

Introduced: 4/9/18

Vote: Majority

SUBJECT: 50^th Anniversary of the Poor People’s Campaign of 1968

SOURCE: Author

DIGEST:

This resolution encourages the observance of the 50th anniversary of the Poor People’s Campaign of 1968 and encourages individuals to take this opportunity to reflect on our past treatment of the poor, and to reflect upon the work that still needs to be completed.

ANALYSIS: This resolution makes the following legislative findings:

1. A year before his assassination, in a speech given at a Southern Christian Leadership Conference staff retreat in May 1967, the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. announced, “I think it is necessary for us to realize that we have moved from the era of civil rights to the era of human rights...” and further stated, that there must be “a radical redistribution of economic and political power. Later that year, in December 1967, Rev. Dr. King announced the plan to bring together poor people from across the country for a new march on Washington. The purpose of the march was to demand better jobs, better homes, and better education, in sum, better lives than the ones the poor were living.
2. An important aspect of the Campaign was petitioning the government to pass an “Economic Bill of Rights” as a step to lift individuals out of poverty. The Campaign aimed for a $30 billion annual appropriation for a real war on poverty, congressional passage of legislation to attain full employment and guaranteed income, including a guaranteed annual wage, and construction of 500,000 low-cost housing units per year until slums were eliminated.
3. The Campaign consisted of three phases. The first phase was to construct a shantytown, to be known as “Resurrection City,” and located on the National Mall between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. With permits from the National Park Service, Resurrection City was intended to house between 1,500 to 3,000 Campaign participants. Other participants would be housed in group and family residences located around the metropolitan area. The second phase was to begin public demonstrations, mass nonviolent civil disobedience, and mass arrests to protest the plight of the poor in this country. The final phase of the Campaign was to launch a nationwide boycott of major industries and shopping areas as a means of prompting business leaders to pressure Congress into meeting the demands of the Campaign.
4. The efforts of the Campaign peaked in the Solidarity Day Rally for Jobs, Peace, and Freedom on June 19, 1968. Fifty thousand people joined the 3,000 participants living at Resurrection City to support the demands of the Campaign on Solidarity Day.
5. Unfortunately, the Campaign was unable to achieve the unity and organization needed to complete all three of the planned stages and to form the “new and unsettling force” capable of disrupting “complacent national life” and achieving an economic bill of rights. The assassinations of Rev. Dr. King and Senator Robert Kennedy, a key proponent of the Campaign and a Presidential candidate, only served to cripple the Campaign and drastically limit its impact. The Rev. Dr. King emphasized the need for poor whites, Blacks, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans to unite. He asserted that the Campaign would only be successful if the poor could come together across all the obstacles and barriers set up to divide them, and if they could overcome the attention and resources being diverted because of United States engagement in the Vietnam War.
6. In 1967, an estimated 43.1 million Americans lived in poverty according to an official measure. Rev. Dr. King’s influence in America has helped to change the poverty rate, but much work still needs to be done to help the war on poverty.
7. This spring marks the 50th anniversary of the Poor People’s Campaign of 1968. This landmark presents an opportunity for us to examine where we have been as a nation with respect to the interests of the poor, and the work that still needs to be completed.

This resolution encourages the observance of the 50th anniversary of the Poor People’s Campaign of 1968 and encourages individuals to take this opportunity to reflect on our past treatment of the poor, and to reflect upon the work that still needs to be completed.

Comments

According to the author,

The Poor People’s Campaign was established by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in May of 1967. The Campaign was created to address issues of poverty across America including housing shortages and unemployment. This effort, led by Dr. King, brought together Americans affected by poverty from all races, states, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Rev. Dr. Ralph Abernathy explained that the intention of the Poor People’s Campaign of 1968 was to “dramatize the plight of America’s poor of all races and make very clear that they are sick and tired of waiting for a better life.” The Poor People’s Campaign expanded the goals of the SCLC beyond civil rights for African Americans; the conference was now working to improve the lives of all Americans affected by poverty.

Dr. King called for a new, nationwide march on Washington to apply pressure to Congress to do more to improve the lives of those living in poverty. The protestors were people from a wide range of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

The march date, originally set on April 22, 1968, was postponed to May 12, 1968 after the assassination of Dr. King. The first week, May 12-29, brought a wave of nearly 5,000 demonstrators to Washington D.C. who took up residence on the Mall in what came to be known as Resurrection City. During the second week, Resurrection City was completed, the protestors planned to stay until Congress took action.

Currently, the official poverty rate is 12.7 percent, based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2016 estimates. That year, an estimated 43.1 million Americans lived in poverty according to the official measure.

FISCAL EFFECT: Appropriation: No Fiscal Com.: No Local: No

SUPPORT: (Verified 4/17/18)

None received

OPPOSITION: (Verified 4/17/18)

None received

Prepared by: Jonas Austin / SFA / (916) 651-1520

4/18/18 15:23:09

**** END ****