Existing law prohibits the manufacture, importation, sale, or possession in the state of short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns, as defined. Existing law authorizes certain government entities and certain peace officers to purchase and possess these firearms under certain circumstances, as specified.

This bill would add district attorneys offices and peace officer members of these offices to the specified entities and persons authorized to purchase and possess these weapons under specified circumstances.

SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY

Senator Nancy Skinner, Chair

2017 - 2018 Regular

Bill No: AB 721 Hearing Date: July 11, 2017

Subject: Firearms: Prohibited Firearms

HISTORY

Source: California District Attorneys Association

Prior Legislation: None

Support: California State Sheriffs’ Association; Peace Officers Research Association of California; Riverside Sheriff’s Association; San Diego County District Attorney

Opposition: California Attorneys for Criminal Justice

Assembly Floor Vote: 66 - 4

PURPOSE

The purpose of this bill is to specify that district attorneys' offices and their employees, may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.

Existing law provides that, subject to exceptions, no person may manufacture, import into this state, keep for sale, offer for sale, give, lend, or possess any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun. Nothing else in any provision shall be construed as authorizing the manufacture, importation into the state, keeping for sale, offering for sale, or giving, lending, or possession of any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun. (Pen. Code, § 33210.)

Existing law provides that, subject to exceptions, any person in this state who manufactures or causes to be manufactured, imports into the state, keeps for sale, or offers or exposes for sale, or who gives, lends, or possesses any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or imprisonment pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 33215.)

Existing law exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of short-barreled rifles or short-barreled shotguns by a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, for use in the discharge of their official duties. (Pen. Code, § 33220, subd. (a).)

Existing law exempts the possession of short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns by peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, when on duty and the use is authorized by the agency and is within the course and scope of their duties, and the officers have completed a training course in the use of these weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (Pen. Code, § 33220, subd. (b).)

Existing law exempts the sale of an assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle to, or the purchase, importation, or possession of an assault weapon or a .50 BMG rifle by, the Department of Justice, police departments, sheriffs' offices, marshals' offices, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, district attorneys' offices, the Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Department of Parks and Recreation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, or any federal law enforcement agency for use in the discharge of their official duties. (Pen. Code, § 330625.)

Existing law exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of machine guns by a police department, a sheriff's office, a marshal's office, a district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States for use in the discharge of their official duties, provided, however, that any sale to these entities be transacted by a person who is permitted. (Pen. Code, § 32610, subd. (a).)

Existing law exempts the possession of machine guns by regular, salaried, full-time peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, when on duty and if the use is within the scope of their duties. (Pen. Code § 32610, subd. (b).)

This bill specifies that district attorneys' offices and their employees, may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.

This bill specifies that district attorneys' offices, and peace officers within district attorneys' offices may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.

This bill provides that use and purchase is permitted only when on duty and use is authorized by the agency and is in the scope of their duties.

This bill specifies that the officers must have completed a training course in the use of the weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST).

COMMENTS

1. Need for This Bill

According to the author:

Currently, under Penal Code section 33220, the purchase and possession of short-barreled rifles and shotguns is authorized for a police department, sheriff’s office, marshal’s office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or military or naval forces for use in the discharge of their official duties. Missing from that authorization is a district attorney’s office, making it unlawful for a district attorney investigator to use or possess such firearms. This seems to be an unintentional oversight, as district attorney investigators (who are defined as peace officers under PC 830.1) are already authorized under PC 32610 to purchase and use machine guns, which by their very design have short barrels.

District attorney offices often rely on investigators to serve high-risk warrants, and the ability to utilize short-barreled rifles and shotguns (which are more maneuverable and concealable in tight operating quarters) would help increase investigator safety by making more tools available to these law enforcement officers.

2. Other Deadly Weapons Statutes and District Attorney Investigators

Under current law district attorney investigators are permitted to carry assault weapons and machine guns when they are on duty, and they are used within the scope of their duties. This bill actually imposes an additional mandate that the officers be trained in the use of short-barreled firearms by POST. The proponents of this legislation see the fact that district attorney investigators are not permitted to carry short barreled firearms as an oversight.

3. Theft and Loss of Firearms from Law Enforcement

One factor to consider when expanding the ability to possess dangerous weapons is that weapons can and are lost or stolen from law enforcement. On July 1, 2015, a federal ranger's stolen gun was used in the high-profile killing of Kate Steinle as she walked with her father on San Francisco Pier. A June 26, 2016 article published by the San Jose Mercury News highlighted the issue of lost or stolen guns from law enforcement.

944 Lost Guns, A Bay Area New Group Watchdog Report^[1]

Nine-hundred and forty-four guns. From Glocks,  Sig Sauers and Remingtons to sniper and assault rifles,  some equipped with grenade launchers.

They used to belong to law enforcement officers across California, but a new Bay Area News Group investigation found hundreds of police-issued weapons have been either stolen, lost or can’t be accounted for since 2010, often disappearing onto the streets without a trace.

A year after a bullet from a federal agent’s stolen gun killed 32-year-old Kate Steinle on a San Francisco pier, this news organization surveyed more than 240 local, state and federal law enforcement agencies and discovered an alarming disregard for the way many officers — from police chiefs to cadets to FBI agents — safeguard their weapons.

Their guns have been stolen from behind car seats and glove boxes, swiped from gym bags, dresser drawers and under beds. They have been left on tailgates, car roofs and even atop a toilet paper dispenser in a car dealership’s bathroom. One officer forgot a high-powered assault rifle in the trunk of a taxi.

The tally includes Colts, Rugers, Smith & Wessons, a Derringer, a .44-caliber Dirty Harry hand cannon and a small snub-nosed revolver called a 'Detective Special.'

In all, since 2010, at least 944 guns have disappeared from police in the Bay Area and state and federal agents across California — an average of one almost every other day — and fewer than 20 percent have been recovered.

Little attention had been paid to the issue before Steinle’s highly publicized death. But at least 86 weapons were snatched from officers’ vehicles between January 2010 and last June’s smash-and-grab burglary of a U.S. Bureau of Land Management ranger’s gun recovered after Steinle’s shooting. Police have not determined who stole it, but an illegal immigrant is charged in her killing…

…Even after Steinle’s death, law enforcement agents have continued to leave guns available in their cars: Four FBI guns have been stolen from vehicles in the Bay Area this year, including three in Benicia; Salinas police had three stolen from cars in a six-week period in April and May. And a San Jose Police cadet resigned on the eve of becoming an officer after his gun was stolen from his car in late October while he was in the Benihana restaurant at Cupertino’s Vallco Shopping Mall…

…Discipline appears rare

Strong discipline would help curb thefts, experts say, but it isn’t clear whether such discipline happens; California’s secretive police personnel laws often make it difficult to find out what happened to cops who left guns unsecured.

A few cases show punishment is far from severe.

When an unidentified Napa police officer left an assault weapon in the trunk of a taxi — the driver later turned it in — the discipline was a written reprimand, Chief Steven Potter said. When another cop had a weapon stolen from his home, he received a lecture and was told to buy a gun safe.

A cop leaving a gun unsecured in a vehicle can be “gross negligence,” Stephanie Wheaton, a senior DMV investigator, wrote in a January memo after investigating an underling whose gun was stolen in Los Angeles County last year.

Wheaton found the investigator 'changed his story,' first claiming he left a bag containing the gun in the car, then saying he took the gun in his house.

She wrote that, at a minimum, the investigator’s punishment should be to pay the state the cost of the weapon — more than $700. A DMV spokesman would not say if or how the investigator was disciplined.

Alameda Sheriff Ahern said that none of the guns stolen from his deputies’ personal vehicles resulted in the kind of internal affairs investigations that can lead to serious discipline. Rather, he said, the department took administrative measures, such as 'an informal counseling session' and what he called a 'formal record of conversation.’

Most missing guns unaccounted for

Far more guns are listed as lost, missing or unaccounted for than stolen ­— designations that can seem charitable, with police saying they sometimes use that listing when they suspect but aren’t sure that the weapon might have been stolen.

Stockton police list two Colt assault rifles as lost, although Lt. Rodney Rego said they were probably stolen when a police building being closed was burglarized.

‘We just don’t really know what happened to them,' he said. The department also listed 15 12-gauge Remington shotguns and two Bushmaster assault rifles as unaccounted for in 2014. Two of the shotguns have been found. Some of the others 'might have been cannibalized for parts,' lost, traded in for newer weapons, or stolen, Rego said.

San Jose lost track of 324 guns, with records showing the city’s lax controls failed to track whether officers took their weapons with them when they retired. The city recovered 14 of the missing weapons, records show. Like Oakland, San Jose’s numbers are eye-popping, but experts argue that other large departments would likely show similar numbers of missing weapons if they conducted similar audits. San Francisco, the region’s other large department, keeps documented track of rifles and shotguns, a spokesman said, but not pistols.

Oakland police have historically 'done a very poor job' of keeping track of weapons, working with 'a system that is really lousy,' said Lt. Sekou Millington, commander of the department’s training office.

A 2011 report showed 305 missing weapons, and follow-ups have added to the total. Forty-seven have turned up, but most are gone, Millington said, sold, perhaps, but not documented. The department has little idea where they might be and in whose hands. Millington said he hopes the city will buy software to track when guns enter or leave the station and signal alerts when one is gone too long.

'As bad as this is,' Millington said, 'I hope it is going to get us the technology we need to fix it.'

4. Argument in Support

According to the California District Attorneys Association:

This bill would add district attorney investigators to the list of law enforcement officers authorized to purchase and possess short-barreled rifles or short-barreled shotguns.

Currently, under Penal Code section 33220, the purchase and possession of short-barreled rifles and shotguns is authorized for a police department, sheriff’s office, marshal’s office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or military or naval forces for use in the discharge of their official duties. Missing from that authorization is a district attorney’s office, making it unlawful for a district attorney investigator to use or possess such firearms. This seems to be an unintentional oversight, as district attorney investigators (who are defined as peace officers under PC 830.1) are already authorized under PC 32610 to purchase and use machine guns, which by their very design have short barrels.

District attorney offices often rely on investigators to serve high-risk warrants, and the ability to utilize short-barreled rifles and shotguns (which are more maneuverable and concealable in tight operating quarters) would help increase investigator safety by making more tools available to these law enforcement officers.

5. Argument in Opposition

According to the California Attorneys for Criminal Justice:

Currently, the list of these approved specified government entities include the following: police departments, sheriff's offices, marshal's offices, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, for use in the discharge of their official duties. CACJ believes district attorney's offices are not engaged in the same type of duties and are not at a constant state of risk as the above mentioned entities. Therefore, it is unnecessary to expand the list to include them or their peace officer members. District Attorneys already have authority to carry handguns as they carry out their duties.

-- END –

1. San Jose Mercury News, Bay Area News Group Watchdog Report, 944 Lost Guns, by Thomas Peele, June 26, 2016; http://extras.mercurynews.com/policeguns/ ↑

SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY

Senator Nancy Skinner, Chair

2017 - 2018 Regular

Bill No: AB 721 Hearing Date: June 27, 2017

Subject: Firearms: Prohibited Firearms

HISTORY

Source: California District Attorneys Association

Prior Legislation: None

Support: California State Sheriffs’ Association; Peace Officers Research Association of California; San Diego County District Attorney

Opposition: California Attorneys for Criminal Justice

Assembly Floor Vote: 66 - 4

PURPOSE

The purpose of this bill is to specify that district attorneys' offices and their employees, may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.

Existing law provides that, subject to exceptions, no person may manufacture, import into this state, keep for sale, offer for sale, give, lend, or possess any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun. Nothing else in any provision shall be construed as authorizing the manufacture, importation into the state, keeping for sale, offering for sale, or giving, lending, or possession of any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun. (Pen. Code, § 33210.)

Existing law provides that, subject to exceptions, any person in this state who manufactures or causes to be manufactured, imports into the state, keeps for sale, or offers or exposes for sale, or who gives, lends, or possesses any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or imprisonment pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 33215.)

Existing law exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of short-barreled rifles or short-barreled shotguns by a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, for use in the discharge of their official duties. (Pen. Code, § 33220, subd. (a).)

Existing law exempts the possession of short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns by peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, when on duty and the use is authorized by the agency and is within the course and scope of their duties, and the officers have completed a training course in the use of these weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (Pen. Code, § 33220, subd. (b).)

Existing law exempts the sale of an assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle to, or the purchase, importation, or possession of an assault weapon or a .50 BMG rifle by, the Department of Justice, police departments, sheriffs' offices, marshals' offices, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, district attorneys' offices, the Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Department of Parks and Recreation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, or any federal law enforcement agency for use in the discharge of their official duties. (Pen. Code, § 330625.)

Existing law exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of machineguns by a police department, a sheriff's office, a marshal's office, a district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States for use in the discharge of their official duties, provided, however, that any sale to these entities be transacted by a person who is permitted. (Pen. Code, § 32610, subd. (a).)

Existing law exempts the possession of machineguns by regular, salaried, full-time peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, when on duty and if the use is within the scope of their duties. (Pen. Code § 32610, subd. (b).)

This bill specifies that district attorneys' offices and their employees, may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.

This bill specifies that district attorneys' offices, and peace officers within district attorneys' offices may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.

This bill provides that use and purchase is permitted only when on duty and use is authorized by the agency and is in the scope of their duties.

This bill specifies that the officers must have completed a training course in the use of the weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST).

COMMENTS

1. Need for This Bill

According to the author:

Currently, under Penal Code section 33220, the purchase and possession of short-barreled rifles and shotguns is authorized for a police department, sheriff’s office, marshal’s office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or military or naval forces for use in the discharge of their official duties. Missing from that authorization is a district attorney’s office, making it unlawful for a district attorney investigator to use or possess such firearms. This seems to be an unintentional oversight, as district attorney investigators (who are defined as peace officers under PC 830.1) are already authorized under PC 32610 to purchase and use machine guns, which by their very design have short barrels.

District attorney offices often rely on investigators to serve high-risk warrants, and the ability to utilize short-barreled rifles and shotguns (which are more maneuverable and concealable in tight operating quarters) would help increase investigator safety by making more tools available to these law enforcement officers.

2. Other Deadly Weapons Statutes and District Attorney Investigators

Under current law district attorney investigators are permitted to carry assault weapons and machine guns when they are on duty, and they are used within the scope of their duties. This bill actually imposes an additional mandate that the officers be trained in the use of short-barreled firearms by POST. The proponents of this legislation see the fact that district attorney investigators are not permitted to carry short barreled firearms as an oversight.

3. Theft and Loss of Firearms from Law Enforcement

One factor to consider when expanding the ability to possess dangerous weapons is that weapons can and are lost or stolen from law enforcement. On July 1, 2015, a federal ranger's stolen gun was used in the high-profile killing of Kate Steinle as she walked with her father on San Francisco Pier. A June 26, 2016 article published by the San Jose Mercury News highlighted the issue of lost or stolen guns from law enforcement.

944 Lost Guns, A Bay Area New Group Watchdog Report^[1]

Nine-hundred and forty-four guns. From Glocks,  Sig Sauers and Remingtons to sniper and assault rifles,  some equipped with grenade launchers.

They used to belong to law enforcement officers across California, but a new Bay Area News Group investigation found hundreds of police-issued weapons have been either stolen, lost or can’t be accounted for since 2010, often disappearing onto the streets without a trace.

A year after a bullet from a federal agent’s stolen gun killed 32-year-old Kate Steinle on a San Francisco pier, this news organization surveyed more than 240 local, state and federal law enforcement agencies and discovered an alarming disregard for the way many officers — from police chiefs to cadets to FBI agents — safeguard their weapons.

Their guns have been stolen from behind car seats and glove boxes, swiped from gym bags, dresser drawers and under beds. They have been left on tailgates, car roofs and even atop a toilet paper dispenser in a car dealership’s bathroom. One officer forgot a high-powered assault rifle in the trunk of a taxi.

The tally includes Colts, Rugers, Smith & Wessons, a Derringer, a .44-caliber Dirty Harry hand cannon and a small snub-nosed revolver called a 'Detective Special.'

In all, since 2010, at least 944 guns have disappeared from police in the Bay Area and state and federal agents across California — an average of one almost every other day — and fewer than 20 percent have been recovered.

Little attention had been paid to the issue before Steinle’s highly publicized death. But at least 86 weapons were snatched from officers’ vehicles between January 2010 and last June’s smash-and-grab burglary of a U.S. Bureau of Land Management ranger’s gun recovered after Steinle’s shooting. Police have not determined who stole it, but an illegal immigrant is charged in her killing…

…Even after Steinle’s death, law enforcement agents have continued to leave guns available in their cars: Four FBI guns have been stolen from vehicles in the Bay Area this year, including three in Benicia; Salinas police had three stolen from cars in a six-week period in April and May. And a San Jose Police cadet resigned on the eve of becoming an officer after his gun was stolen from his car in late October while he was in the Benihana restaurant at Cupertino’s Vallco Shopping Mall…

…Discipline appears rare

Strong discipline would help curb thefts, experts say, but it isn’t clear whether such discipline happens; California’s secretive police personnel laws often make it difficult to find out what happened to cops who left guns unsecured.

A few cases show punishment is far from severe.

When an unidentified Napa police officer left an assault weapon in the trunk of a taxi — the driver later turned it in — the discipline was a written reprimand, Chief Steven Potter said. When another cop had a weapon stolen from his home, he received a lecture and was told to buy a gun safe.

A cop leaving a gun unsecured in a vehicle can be “gross negligence,” Stephanie Wheaton, a senior DMV investigator, wrote in a January memo after investigating an underling whose gun was stolen in Los Angeles County last year.

Wheaton found the investigator 'changed his story,' first claiming he left a bag containing the gun in the car, then saying he took the gun in his house.

She wrote that, at a minimum, the investigator’s punishment should be to pay the state the cost of the weapon — more than $700. A DMV spokesman would not say if or how the investigator was disciplined.

Alameda Sheriff Ahern said that none of the guns stolen from his deputies’ personal vehicles resulted in the kind of internal affairs investigations that can lead to serious discipline. Rather, he said, the department took administrative measures, such as 'an informal counseling session' and what he called a 'formal record of conversation.’

Most missing guns unaccounted for

Far more guns are listed as lost, missing or unaccounted for than stolen ­— designations that can seem charitable, with police saying they sometimes use that listing when they suspect but aren’t sure that the weapon might have been stolen.

Stockton police list two Colt assault rifles as lost, although Lt. Rodney Rego said they were probably stolen when a police building being closed was burglarized.

‘We just don’t really know what happened to them,' he said. The department also listed 15 12-gauge Remington shotguns and two Bushmaster assault rifles as unaccounted for in 2014. Two of the shotguns have been found. Some of the others 'might have been cannibalized for parts,' lost, traded in for newer weapons, or stolen, Rego said.

San Jose lost track of 324 guns, with records showing the city’s lax controls failed to track whether officers took their weapons with them when they retired. The city recovered 14 of the missing weapons, records show. Like Oakland, San Jose’s numbers are eye-popping, but experts argue that other large departments would likely show similar numbers of missing weapons if they conducted similar audits. San Francisco, the region’s other large department, keeps documented track of rifles and shotguns, a spokesman said, but not pistols.

Oakland police have historically 'done a very poor job' of keeping track of weapons, working with 'a system that is really lousy,' said Lt. Sekou Millington, commander of the department’s training office.

A 2011 report showed 305 missing weapons, and follow-ups have added to the total. Forty-seven have turned up, but most are gone, Millington said, sold, perhaps, but not documented. The department has little idea where they might be and in whose hands. Millington said he hopes the city will buy software to track when guns enter or leave the station and signal alerts when one is gone too long.

'As bad as this is,' Millington said, 'I hope it is going to get us the technology we need to fix it.'

4. Argument in Support

According to the California District Attorneys Association:

This bill would add district attorney investigators to the list of law enforcement officers authorized to purchase and possess short-barreled rifles or short-barreled shotguns.

Currently, under Penal Code section 33220, the purchase and possession of short-barreled rifles and shotguns is authorized for a police department, sheriff’s office, marshal’s office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or military or naval forces for use in the discharge of their official duties. Missing from that authorization is a district attorney’s office, making it unlawful for a district attorney investigator to use or possess such firearms. This seems to be an unintentional oversight, as district attorney investigators (who are defined as peace officers under PC 830.1) are already authorized under PC 32610 to purchase and use machine guns, which by their very design have short barrels.

District attorney offices often rely on investigators to serve high-risk warrants, and the ability to utilize short-barreled rifles and shotguns (which are more maneuverable and concealable in tight operating quarters) would help increase investigator safety by making more tools available to these law enforcement officers.

5. Argument in Opposition

According to the California Attorneys for Criminal Justice:

Currently, the list of these approved specified government entities include the following: police departments, sheriff's offices, marshal's offices, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, for use in the discharge of their official duties. CACJ believes district attorney's offices are not engaged in the same type of duties and are not at a constant state of risk as the above mentioned entities. Therefore, it is unnecessary to expand the list to include them or their peace officer members. District Attorneys already have authority to carry handguns as they carry out their duties.

-- END –

1. San Jose Mercury News, Bay Area News Group Watchdog Report, 944 Lost Guns, by Thomas Peele, June 26, 2016; http://extras.mercurynews.com/policeguns/ ↑

ASSEMBLY THIRD READING

ATR Bill Id:AB 721

Author:(Bigelow)

As Introduced Ver:

Majority vote

SUMMARY: Specifies that district attorneys' offices and their employees, may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns. Specifically, this bill:

1. Specifies that district attorneys' offices, and peace officers within district attorneys' offices may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.
2. Provides that use and purchase is permitted only when on duty and use is authorized by the agency and is in the scope of their duties.
3. Specifies that the officers must have completed a training course in the use of the weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST).

EXISTING LAW:

1. Provides that, subject to exceptions, no person may manufacture, import into this state, keep for sale, offer for sale, give, lend, or possess any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun. Nothing else in any provision shall be construed as authorizing the manufacture, importation into the state, keeping for sale, offering for sale, or giving, lending, or possession of any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun.
2. Provides that, subject to exceptions, any person in this state who manufactures or causes to be manufactured, imports into the state, keeps for sale, or offers or exposes for sale, or who gives, lends, or possesses any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or imprisonment pursuant to realignment.
3. Exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of short-barreled rifles or short-barreled shotguns by a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, for use in the discharge of their official duties.
4. Exempts the possession of short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns by peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, when on duty and the use is authorized by the agency and is within the course and scope of their duties, and the officers have completed a training course in the use of these weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.
5. Exempts the sale of an assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle to, or the purchase, importation, or possession of an assault weapon or a .50 BMG rifle by, the Department of Justice, police departments, sheriffs' offices, marshals' offices, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, district attorneys' offices, the Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Department of Parks and Recreation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, or any federal law enforcement agency for use in the discharge of their official duties.
6. Exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of machineguns by a police department, a sheriff's office, a marshal's office, a district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States for use in the discharge of their official duties, provided, however, that any sale to these entities be transacted by a person who is permitted.
7. Exempts the possession of machineguns by regular, salaried, full-time peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, when on duty and if the use is within the scope of their duties.

FISCAL EFFECT: Unknown. This bill is keyed non-fiscal by the Legislative Counsel.

COMMENTS: "Currently, under Penal Code section 33220, the purchase and possession of short-barreled rifles and shotguns is authorized for a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or military or naval forces for use in the discharge of their official duties. Missing from that authorization is a district attorney's office, making it unlawful for a district attorney investigator to use or possess such firearms. This seems to be an unintentional oversight, as district attorney investigators (who are defined as peace officers under PC 830.1) are already authorized under PC 32610 to purchase and use machine guns, which by their very design have short barrels.

"District attorney offices often rely on investigators to serve high-risk warrants, and the ability to utilize short-barreled rifles and shotguns (which are more maneuverable and concealable in tight operating quarters) would help increase investigator safety by making more tools available to these law enforcement officers."

Analysis Prepared by: Gabriel Caswell / PUB. S. / (916) 319-3744 FN: 0000044

Date of Hearing:

Counsel: Gabriel Caswell

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY

Reginald Byron Jones-Sawyer, Sr., Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:AB 721

Author:(Bigelow) – As Introduced Ver:February 15, 2017

SUMMARY:

Specifies that district attorneys' offices and their employees, may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns. Specifically, this bill:

1. Specifies that district attorneys' offices, and peace officers within district attorneys' offices may purchase and possess short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns.
   
2. Provides that use and purchase is permitted only when on duty and use is authorized by the agency and is in the scope of their duties.
   
3. Specifies that the officers must have completed a training course in the use of the weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST).

EXISTING LAW:

1. Provides that, subject to exceptions, no person may manufacture, import into this state, keep for sale, offer for sale, give, lend, or possess any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun. Nothing else in any provision shall be construed as authorizing the manufacture, importation into the state, keeping for sale, offering for sale, or giving, lending, or possession of any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun. (Pen. Code, § 33210.)
   
2. Provides that, subject to exceptions, any person in this state who manufactures or causes to be manufactured, imports into the state, keeps for sale, or offers or exposes for sale, or who gives, lends, or possesses any short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or imprisonment pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 33215.)
   
3. Exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of short-barreled rifles or short-barreled shotguns by a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, for use in the discharge of their official duties. (Pen. Code, § 33220, subd. (a).)
   
4. Exempts the possession of short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns by peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, when on duty and the use is authorized by the agency and is within the course and scope of their duties, and the officers have completed a training course in the use of these weapons certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (Pen. Code, § 33220, subd. (b).)
   
5. Exempts the sale of an assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle to, or the purchase, importation, or possession of an assault weapon or a .50 BMG rifle by, the Department of Justice, police departments, sheriffs' offices, marshals' offices, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, district attorneys' offices, the Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Department of Parks and Recreation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, or any federal law enforcement agency for use in the discharge of their official duties. (Pen. Code, § 330625.)
6. Exempts the sale to, purchase by, or possession of machineguns by a police department, a sheriff's office, a marshal's office, a district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States for use in the discharge of their official duties, provided, however, that any sale to these entities be transacted by a person who is permitted. (Pen. Code, § 32610, subd. (a).)
   
7. Exempts the possession of machineguns by regular, salaried, full-time peace officer members of a police department, sheriff's office, marshal's office, district attorney's office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Corrections for use by the department's Special Emergency Response Teams and Law Enforcement Liaison/Investigations Unit, when on duty and if the use is within the scope of their duties. (Pen. Code § 32610, subd. (b).)

FISCAL EFFECT:

Unknown

COMMENTS:

1. Author's Statement: According to the author, "Currently, under Penal Code section 33220, the purchase and possession of short-barreled rifles and shotguns is authorized for a police department, sheriff’s office, marshal’s office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or military or naval forces for use in the discharge of their official duties. Missing from that authorization is a district attorney’s office, making it unlawful for a district attorney investigator to use or possess such firearms. This seems to be an unintentional oversight, as district attorney investigators (who are defined as peace officers under PC 830.1) are already authorized under PC 32610 to purchase and use machine guns, which by their very design have short barrels.

"District attorney offices often rely on investigators to serve high-risk warrants, and the ability to utilize short-barreled rifles and shotguns (which are more maneuverable and concealable in tight operating quarters) would help increase investigator safety by making more tools available to these law enforcement officers."

1. Other Deadly Weapons Statutes and District Attorney Investigators: Under current law district attorney investigators are permitted to carry assault weapons and machine guns when they are on duty, and they are used within the scope of their duties. This bill actually imposes an additional mandate that the officers be trained in the use of short-barreled firearms by POST. The proponents of this legislation see the fact that district attorney investigators are not permitted to carry short barreled firearms as an oversight.
   
2. Theft of Firearms from Law Enforcement: One factor to consider when expanding the ability to possess dangerous weapons is that weapons can and are lost or stolen from law enforcement. On July 1, 2015, a federal ranger's stolen gun was used in the high-profile killing of Kate Steinle as she walked with her father on San Francisco Pier. A June 26, 2016 article published by the San Jose Mercury News highlighted the issue of lost or stolen guns from law enforcement.

944 Lost Guns, A Bay Area New Group Watchdog Report^[1]

"Nine-hundred and forty-four guns. From Glocks,  Sig Sauers and Remingtons to sniper and assault rifles,  some equipped with grenade launchers.

"They used to belong to law enforcement officers across California, but a new Bay Area News Group investigation found hundreds of police-issued weapons have been either stolen, lost or can’t be accounted for since 2010, often disappearing onto the streets without a trace.

"A year after a bullet from a federal agent’s stolen gun killed 32-year-old Kate Steinle on a San Francisco pier, this news organization surveyed more than 240 local, state and federal law enforcement agencies and discovered an alarming disregard for the way many officers — from police chiefs to cadets to FBI agents — safeguard their weapons.

"Their guns have been stolen from behind car seats and glove boxes, swiped from gym bags, dresser drawers and under beds. They have been left on tailgates, car roofs and even atop a toilet paper dispenser in a car dealership’s bathroom. One officer forgot a high-powered assault rifle in the trunk of a taxi.

"The tally includes Colts, Rugers, Smith & Wessons, a Derringer, a .44-caliber Dirty Harry hand cannon and a small snub-nosed revolver called a 'Detective Special.'

"In all, since 2010, at least 944 guns have disappeared from police in the Bay Area and state and federal agents across California — an average of one almost every other day — and fewer than 20 percent have been recovered.

"Little attention had been paid to the issue before Steinle’s highly publicized death. But at least 86 weapons were snatched from officers’ vehicles between January 2010 and last June’s smash-and-grab burglary of a U.S. Bureau of Land Management ranger’s gun recovered after Steinle’s shooting. Police have not determined who stole it, but an illegal immigrant is charged in her killing.

" 'You just can’t leave a gun alone in a vehicle,' said retired FBI Agent Jim Wedick. 'You just can’t do it. It has to be in a compartment, or in chains an inch thick wrapped around a lead box, because, God forbid, someone gets hurt.'

"Even after Steinle’s death, law enforcement agents have continued to leave guns available in their cars: Four FBI guns have been stolen from vehicles in the Bay Area this year, including three in Benicia; Salinas police had three stolen from cars in a six-week period in April and May. And a San Jose Police cadet resigned on the eve of becoming an officer after his gun was stolen from his car in late October while he was in the Benihana restaurant at Cupertino’s Vallco Shopping Mall.

"Scope is ‘staggering’

"The thefts are revealed in records obtained from government agencies in one of the most comprehensive examinations of missing police guns of its kind. While last year’s highly publicized killings of Steinle and Oakland muralist Antonio Ramos brought attention to the tragic consequences of stolen police guns, the scope of the problem has been far less clear — until now.

"The numbers 'are staggering,' said Frank Pitre, an attorney representing Steinle’s parents, Jim Steinle and Elizabeth Sullivan, in a federal lawsuit over their daughter’s death. The BLM is one of three defendants. 

"This news organization’s investigation also uncovered that a gun stolen from a Tracy cop in 2010 was used to kill a man in Contra Costa County four years later, and a now-retired Piedmont police chief’s stolen gun in 2012 was used in a San Francisco gang shooting that year.

"Many departments have struggled to keep track of weapons. Oakland police, for example, lost track of 370 weapons since 2011, including 30 this year that later turned up. It’s unclear how many other guns could be missing from local departments that haven’t bothered to audit their inventory of weapons.   

"While police agencies documented the majority of missing guns in this news organization’s analysis as lost or unaccounted for, 192 were listed as stolen.

" 'This needs to stop,' said state Sen. Jerry Hill, D-San Mateo, who is sponsoring legislation that would make it illegal in California for a cop to leave a gun in an unattended car unless it is locked inside a hidden compartment or secure case.

"Officers become complacent with their weapon, because they are so used to it always being there, Hill said. 'They don’t take it as seriously as they should, and what the effects of it could be if it gets lost to the wrong hands.'

"Late last year, after Steinle and Ramos were killed, U.S. Rep. Mark DeSaulnier, D-Concord, urged President Barack Obama to issue an executive order requiring all federal guns left in parked vehicles to be locked down. The White House took no action, DeSaulnier said in an interview.

"Regulations for gun storage in vehicles vary widely across the more than nearly 100 federal agencies that employ armed agents, DeSaulnier said. He said he will soon introduce legislation to make regulations uniform by requiring lockable compartments in any parked vehicle where a government gun is left.

"He is also considering adding a requirement that any police department in the country that receives federal funding have strict policies in place about safeguarding guns in unattended vehicles.

" 'It was very staggering for me to find out that there is no set, universal policy at all for state, local and federal government,' DeSaulnier said. 'That’s crazy.'

"Most thefts from vehicles

"The records that show from where a theft occurred highlight a distinct pattern: 60 percent were swiped from vehicles, almost always from a personal car or truck where a gun was left vulnerable, this news organization found.

"Rather than securing their guns, officers sought to hide them under or behind car seats, placed them in glove boxes and center consoles, or stowed them in exposed equipment bags and backpacks before dropping into coffee shops, health clubs, grocery stores, bars, a Bass Pro Shop, a Nordstrom or their homes.

" 'It’s a movie that keeps getting repeated,' said Pitre, who also represents Ramos’ parents in a claim against the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement department in their son’s death.

"Ramos, the Oakland street artist, was painting an anti-violence mural on West Street under an Interstate 580 overpass when he was shot, purportedly by Marquise Holloway, 22, with a gun stolen from an ICE agent’s parked car in San Francisco. It had been left in a bag, Pitre said.

"But Steinle and Ramos weren’t the only ones killed with stolen police weapons in the region since 2010, this news organization found. In March 2014, a gun stolen from the vehicle of a Tracy police officer was used in the death of Jesus Orozco, 34, a laborer and father of two, in a dispute over a woman that a prosecutor called 'a little love triangle.'

"Three men were arrested, but not charged. Orozco had been carrying an air gun that looked like an assault weapon, and the men raised self-defense claims, said Contra Costa deputy district attorney Mary Knox.

"A cousin of Orozco said his family never knew a police gun was involved. The gunman wasn’t charged with possessing the officer’s stolen weapon because 'we have to prove that he knew the gun was stolen,' Knox said.

"New Tracy police Chief Larry Esquivel, the former San Jose chief, said 'the circumstances were truly unfortunate for everybody involved. I can’t stress enough the importance of proper storage (and) care of any weapon.'

"Running the gamut

"Across the state, the officers whose guns were lost or stolen run the law enforcement gamut, from ICE and DEA agents to forest rangers, alcoholic beverage control officers, sheriff’s deputies, game wardens, welfare fraud investigators and parks police. A CHP officer’s gun was even stolen from his wife after she took it without his knowledge.

"Losing a gun — especially when it was left vulnerable — is one of 'the worst things to have happen to a police officer,' said CHP Captain Josh Ehlers. 

"Forty government-issued and personal guns were stolen from CHP officers during the period this news organization analyzed. Three more were reported missing.

"CHP Officer Antonio Garrett left six guns — two shotguns, two pistols and two assault rifles — inside his personal Chevrolet Tahoe while he stopped at a Claim Jumper restaurant in Southern California in 2013. He didn’t notice the cache of weapons was gone until he got home and found a lock on the SUV was broken. The guns have not been found, Ehlers said. Garrett had been returning from a CHP gun range.

"Stolen police guns have ended up in the hands of members and associates of notorious gangs like the Bloods, The Aryan Brotherhood and Norteños. One fell into the hands of a Reno pimp after a prostitute took a Kensington police officer’s Glock pistol and badge from his hotel room when he fell asleep. That gun was recovered when the pimp accidentally shot himself in the leg during an altercation.

"That’s not the only bizarre discovery of an officer’s stolen gun: In 2014, a Washington woman driving through a Seattle suburb was pounding on the rattling glove compartment of a used car she just bought when it popped open and out fell a .40-caliber Sig Sauer pistol that had been hidden in the air-bag compartment. Three years earlier, a thief had swiped it from a Stockton police officer’s car.

"Weapon thefts

"San Francisco police and the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office, which includes Dublin police, topped local agencies with 10 stolen weapons each. All of the sheriff’s gun thefts were swiped from vehicles, including one where a deputy’s personal car flipped over in an accident and a passer-by snatched a bag from the wreckage as the injured officer waited for help.

"Alameda County Sheriff Greg Ahern said the thefts led him to issue an order earlier this year mimicking one by former San Francisco police Chief Greg Suhr that prohibits officers from leaving weapons in vehicles overnight.

"Former Piedmont police Chief John Hunt could have used the same policy.

"He drove home to Danville after work on March 9, 2012, and as was his custom, left his briefcase in his car — with his Sig Sauer pistol inside. Hunt, who now lives in Idaho, said his wife didn’t want the gun in the house as a precaution because they have children.

"The next morning, poof, the briefcase was gone.

"Hunt said he instantly 'felt sick. We lived in a safe community. The (driveway) gate was locked. It was so embarrassing.'

"Four months later, two San Francisco police officers were driving along Mission Street shortly after midnight when they heard four or five gunshots, saw people scattering, then ran down a gang member who had tossed a weapon under a car.

"When police ran that gun’s serial number through a statewide database that traces weapons, up popped the Piedmont Police Department.

"It was Hunt’s gun.

"Piedmont police were notified of the recovery, but Hunt, who had retired weeks earlier, said he was never told the gun was found until a reporter called.

"In a phone interview he said he was surprised this news organization had traced the gun to the San Francisco shooting.

" 'At least it’s off the streets,' Hunt said. 'I am so relieved. At least no one was hurt.'

"Discipline appears rare

"Strong discipline would help curb thefts, experts say, but it isn’t clear whether such discipline happens; California’s secretive police personnel laws often make it difficult to find out what happened to cops who left guns unsecured.

"A few cases show punishment is far from severe.

"When an unidentified Napa police officer left an assault weapon in the trunk of a taxi — the driver later turned it in — the discipline was a written reprimand, Chief Steven Potter said. When another cop had a weapon stolen from his home, he received a lecture and was told to buy a gun safe.

"A cop leaving a gun unsecured in a vehicle can be 'gross negligence,' Stephanie Wheaton, a senior DMV investigator, wrote in a January memo after investigating an underling whose gun was stolen in Los Angeles County last year.

"Wheaton found the investigator 'changed his story,' first claiming he left a bag containing the gun in the car, then saying he took the gun in his house.

"She wrote that, at a minimum, the investigator’s punishment should be to pay the state the cost of the weapon — more than $700. A DMV spokesman would not say if or how the investigator was disciplined.

"Alameda Sheriff Ahern said that none of the guns stolen from his deputies’ personal vehicles resulted in the kind of internal affairs investigations that can lead to serious discipline. Rather, he said, the department took administrative measures, such as 'an informal counseling session' and what he called a 'formal record of conversation.'

"Most missing guns unaccounted for

"Far more guns are listed as lost, missing or unaccounted for than stolen ­— designations that can seem charitable, with police saying they sometimes use that listing when they suspect but aren’t sure that the weapon might have been stolen.

"Stockton police list two Colt assault rifles as lost, although Lt. Rodney Rego said they were probably stolen when a police building being closed was burglarized.

" 'We just don’t really know what happened to them,' he said. The department also listed 15 12-gauge Remington shotguns and two Bushmaster assault rifles as unaccounted for in 2014. Two of the shotguns have been found. Some of the others 'might have been cannibalized for parts,' lost, traded in for newer weapons, or stolen, Rego said.

"San Jose lost track of 324 guns, with records showing the city’s lax controls failed to track whether officers took their weapons with them when they retired. The city recovered 14 of the missing weapons, records show. Like Oakland, San Jose’s numbers are eye-popping, but experts argue that other large departments would likely show similar numbers of missing weapons if they conducted similar audits. San Francisco, the region’s other large department, keeps documented track of rifles and shotguns, a spokesman said, but not pistols.

"Oakland police have historically 'done a very poor job' of keeping track of weapons, working with 'a system that is really lousy,' said Lt. Sekou Millington, commander of the department’s training office.

"A 2011 report showed 305 missing weapons, and follow-ups have added to the total. Forty-seven have turned up, but most are gone, Millington said, sold, perhaps, but not documented. The department has little idea where they might be and in whose hands. Millington said he hopes the city will buy software to track when guns enter or leave the station and signal alerts when one is gone too long.

" 'As bad as this is,' Millington said, 'I hope it is going to get us the technology we need to fix it.'

"Human error

"Some departments are exploring technology that would help track down lost and stolen guns, similar to GPS trackers that help people locate missing cellphones, Ahern said.

"That could have helped in a variety of scenarios where guns vanished in a flash. A Gilroy cop and a Marin County deputy each left weapons on the tailgates of their trucks. They fell off. The Marin gun was found in a field and returned.

"Sometimes guns were temporarily misplaced. An investigator for the state Alcoholic Beverage Control agency reported his weapon stolen to Fresno police after he put his state vehicle through a local carwash.

"Cops interrogated carwash workers and searched their homes as part of a full-scale investigation, documents show. Days later, the investigator was cleaning at home when he found a bag.

" 'Surprise surprise,' he began an email to his bosses. The gun had been inside the bag all along.

"Then there was what Wedick, the retired FBI agent, called an unfortunate fact about gun holsters: It’s difficult to use a toilet without taking one off.

" 'People have to go to the bathroom,' Wedick said.

"Last year, San Mateo County Sheriff’s Captain Jeff Kearnan ­— a homeland security expert with a recent master’s degree from the Naval Intelligence School in Monterey — left his duty weapon on the toilet paper dispenser in the bathroom of a Dublin car dealership.

"He drove away, but raced back as soon as he realized he was unarmed.

"The gun was gone. It remains missing."

1. Argument in Support: According to the California District Attorneys Association, "This bill would add district attorney investigators to the list of law enforcement officers authorized to purchase and possess short-barreled rifles or short-barreled shotguns.

"Currently, under Penal Code section 33220, the purchase and possession of short-barreled rifles and shotguns is authorized for a police department, sheriff’s office, marshal’s office, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or military or naval forces for use in the discharge of their official duties. Missing from that authorization is a district attorney’s office, making it unlawful for a district attorney investigator to use or possess such firearms. This seems to be an unintentional oversight, as district attorney investigators (who are defined as peace officers under PC 830.1) are already authorized under PC 32610 to purchase and use machine guns, which by their very design have short barrels.

"District attorney offices often rely on investigators to serve high-risk warrants, and the ability to utilize short-barreled rifles and shotguns (which are more maneuverable and concealable in tight operating quarters) would help increase investigator safety by making more tools available to these law enforcement officers."

1. Argument in Opposition: According to the California Attorneys for Criminal Justice, "Currently, the list of these approved specified government entities include the following: police departments, sheriff's offices, marshal's offices, the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Justice, the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the military or naval forces of this state or of the United States, for use in the discharge of their official duties. CACJ believes district attorney's offices are not engaged in the same type of duties and are not at a constant state of risk as the above mentioned entities. Therefore, it is unnecessary to expand the list to include them or their peace officer members. District Attorneys already have authority to carry handguns as they carry out their duties."
   

REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION:

Support

California District Attorneys Association (Sponsor)

California State Sheriffs' Association

Peace Officers Research Association of California

San Diego District Attorney's Office

Opposition

California Attorneys for Criminal Justice

Analysis Prepared by:

Gabriel Caswell / PUB. S. /

1. San Jose Mercury News, Bay Area News Group Watchdog Report, 944 Lost Guns, by Thomas Peele, June 26, 2016; http://extras.mercurynews.com/policeguns/ ↑