Existing law makes it a crime for a person to destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any veterans memorial constructed or established in specified ways. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any law enforcement memorial or firefighters memorial.

This bill would specify that the provisions above regarding law enforcement and firefighters memorials do not preclude prosecution under any other provision of law, including those regarding veterans memorials.

Existing law makes it a crime for a person to destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any veterans memorial constructed or established in specified ways. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any law enforcement memorial or firefighters memorial.

This bill would specify that the provisions above regarding law enforcement and firefighters memorials do not preclude prosecution under any other provision of law, including those regarding veterans memorials.

Existing law makes it a crime for a person to destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any veterans memorial constructed or established in specified ways. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any law enforcement memorial or firefighters memorial.

Existing law makes it a crime for a person to destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any law enforcement memorial or firefighters memorial.

This bill would make it a crime to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any veterans memorial. The bill would also subject a person who violates that prohibition involving those types of memorials to a fine of not more than $2,500 and a minimum 48 hours of community service, as specified. By expanding the scope of a crime, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.

Existing law makes it a crime for a person to destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. Existing law also makes it a crime to knowingly buy or receive any property that has been stolen or that has been obtained in any manner constituting theft or extortion. Existing law makes it a crime, punishable as a felony or a misdemeanor, to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any law enforcement memorial or firefighters memorial.

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.

Existing law makes it a crime for a person to destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. Existing law also makes it a crime to knowingly buy or receive any property that has been stolen or that has been obtained in any manner constituting theft or extortion.

This bill would make it a crime to maliciously receive, retain, or dispose of a grave marker or other structure designed to commemorate the grave of a veteran or law enforcement official that the person knows, or reasonably should know, is stolen, except as specified. The bill would make it a crime to maliciously damage, deface, destroy, mutilate, or remove a grave marker or metal plaque from the grave of a veteran or law enforcement official. The bill would also make it a crime to maliciously damage, deface, destroy, mutilate, or remove any object or structure set to memorialize a veteran or law enforcement official. Because this bill would create a new crime, it would impose a state-mandated local program.

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.

CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS

CSA1 Bill Id:AB 2801

Author:(Salas)

As Amended Ver:June 14, 2018

Majority vote

Original Committee Reference: PUB. S.

SUMMARY: Provides a cross-reference to the Military and Veterans Code provision related to vandalism of veterans' memorials in the Penal Code provision related to vandalism of law enforcement and firefighter memorials.

The Senate amendments delete the Assembly version of this bill and instead cross reference the Military and Veterans Code in the statute criminalizing vandalism of law enforcement and firefighter memorials.

EXISTING LAW:

1. Makes it a crime to maliciously destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery.
2. Punishes the malicious defacement or destruction of cemetery property as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment.
3. Provides that every person who maliciously destroys or vandalizes any law enforcement or firefighter memorial is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment.
4. Provides that every person who willfully destroys or vandalizes any municipal monument, work of art, ornamental improvement, or tree or plant, whether on private or public property, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
5. Provides that every person who maliciously destroys, mutilates, or otherwise vandalizes or removes any veterans' memorial constructed or established as specified is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment.
6. States that every person who defaces with graffiti, damages, or destroys real property which is not his or her own is guilty of vandalism.
7. Punishes an act of vandalism based on the amount of defacement, damage or destruction, as follows:
   1. If the damage caused is $400 or more, then the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail under realignment, or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of up to $10,000, or both the fine and imprisonment. However, if the damage is $10,000 or more, the fine imposed can be up to $50,000.
   2. If the damage caused if less than $400, then the offense is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by both that fine and imprisonment. However, if the defendant has a prior vandalism or graffiti conviction, then the fine imposed can be up to $5,000.

AS PASSED BY THE ASSEMBLY, this bill:

1. Added veterans' memorials to the protected memorials.
2. Punished the malicious destruction or defacing of a veteran's memorial as either a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment.
3. Stated that nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution under any other provision of law.

FISCAL EFFECT: Unknown. This bill is keyed non-fiscal by the Legislative Counsel.

COMMENTS: According to the author, ''Veterans, like peace officers and firefighters, are held to a special esteem because of the dangerous and selfless nature of their work protecting our communities, our state, and the nation. Although any act of vandalism to another's property is unacceptable, when vandalism is directed at memorials erected in the memory of veterans, peace officers, or firefighters those crimes are particularly appalling and should not be tolerated. Penal Code Section 621 makes it a crime to maliciously vandalize or tear down any law enforcement memorial or firefighter memorial, however veterans memorials are not included in the statute as written. In order to deter such behavior, and to provide an appropriate level of punishment when such crimes are committed, this bill would add 'veterans memorials' to Penal Code Section 621 and authorize the court to impose additional punishments.''

Analysis Prepared by: Sandy Uribe / PUB. S. / (916) 319-3744 FN: 0003555

 THIRD READING  

Bill No: AB 2801

Author:

:

Vote:

SENATE PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE: 7-0, 6/12/18

AYES: Skinner, Anderson, Bradford, Jackson, Mitchell, Stone, Wiener

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 74-0, 4/26/18 (Consent) - See last page for vote

SUBJECT:

SOURCE: American G.I. Forum Department of California

DIGEST:

This bill provides a cross-reference to Military and Veterans Code section 1318 related to vandalism of veterans memorials in Penal Code section 621 related to vandalism of law enforcement and firefighter memorials.

ANALYSIS:

Existing law:

1. Makes it a crime to maliciously destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. (Pen. Code, § 594.35.)
2. Punishes the malicious defacement or destruction of cemetery property as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 594.35.)
3. Provides that every person who willfully destroys or vandalizes any municipal monument, work of art, ornamental improvement, or tree or plant, whether on private or public property, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 622.)
4. Provides that every person who maliciously destroys or vandalizes any law enforcement or firefighter memorial is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 621.)
5. Provides that every person who maliciously destroys, mutilates, or otherwise vandalizes or removes any veterans’ memorial constructed or established as specified is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail. (Mil. & Vet. Code, § 1318.)

This bill adds a cross-reference to Military and Veterans Code section 1318 in Penal Code section 621.

FISCAL EFFECT: Appropriation: Fiscal Com.: Local:

SUPPORT: (Verified 6/18/18)

American G.I. Forum Department of California (source)

American Legion - Department of California

AMVETS Department of California

California Association of County Veterans Association

California Police Chiefs Association

California Special Districts Association

California State Commanders Veterans Council

Chief Probation Officers of California

Los Angeles County Professional Peace Officers Association

Military Officers Association of America – California Council of Chapters

Peace Officers Research Association of California

Riverside Sheriffs’ Association

Vietnam Veteran Association

OPPOSITION: (Verified 6/18/18)

None received

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 74-0, 4/26/18

AYES: Acosta, Aguiar-Curry, Arambula, Baker, Berman, Bigelow, Bloom, Bonta, Brough, Burke, Caballero, Calderon, Carrillo, Cervantes, Chau, Chávez, Chen, Chiu, Choi, Chu, Cooley, Cooper, Cunningham, Dahle, Daly, Eggman, Flora, Frazier, Friedman, Gallagher, Eduardo Garcia, Gipson, Gloria, Gonzalez Fletcher, Gray, Grayson, Harper, Holden, Irwin, Jones-Sawyer, Kalra, Kamlager-Dove, Kiley, Lackey, Levine, Limón, Low, Maienschein, Mathis, Mayes, McCarty, Medina, Melendez, Mullin, Muratsuchi, Nazarian, Obernolte, O'Donnell, Patterson, Quirk, Quirk-Silva, Reyes, Rubio, Salas, Santiago, Steinorth, Mark Stone, Thurmond, Ting, Voepel, Waldron, Weber, Wood, Rendon

NO VOTE RECORDED: Travis Allen, Fong, Cristina Garcia, Rodriguez

Prepared by:

6/20/18 15:12:20

**** END ****

SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY

Senator Nancy Skinner, Chair

2017 - 2018 Regular

Bill No: AB 2801 Hearing Date: June 12, 2018

Subject: Crimes: Memorials: Veterans and Law Enforcement

HISTORY

Source: American G.I. Forum Department of California

Prior Legislation: SB 1080 (Morrell), 2016, failed Senate Public Safety

AB 2739 (La Malfa), 2006, failed Senate Public Safety

AB 1818 (Conroy), Ch. 135, Stats. 1992

Support: American Legion - Department of California; AMVETS Department of California; California Association of County Veterans Association; California Police Chiefs Association; California Special Districts Association; California State Commanders Veterans Council; Chief Probation Officers of California; Los Angeles County Professional Peace Officers Association; Military Officers Association of America – California Council of Chapters; Peace Officers Research Association of California; Riverside Sheriffs’ Association; Vietnam Veteran Association

Opposition: None known

Assembly Floor Vote: 74 - 0

PURPOSE

The purpose of this bill is to expand the crime of maliciously destroying or defacing law enforcement and firefighter memorials to include veterans’ memorials.

Existing law states that every person who defaces with graffiti, damages, or destroys real property which is not his or her own is guilty of vandalism. (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (a).)

Existing law punishes an act of vandalism based on the amount of defacement, damage or destruction, as follows:

• If the damage caused is $400 or more, then the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail under realignment, or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of up to $10,000, or both the fine and imprisonment. However, if the damage is $10,000 or more, the fine imposed can be up to $50,000.
• If the damage caused if less than $400, then the offense is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by both that fine and imprisonment. However, if the defendant has a prior vandalism or graffiti conviction, then the fine imposed can be up to $5,000. (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (b).)

Existing law makes it a crime to maliciously destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. (Pen. Code, § 594.35.)

Existing law punishes the malicious defacement or destruction of cemetery property as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 594.35.)

Existing law provides that every person who willfully destroys or vandalizes any municipal monument, work of art, ornamental improvement, or tree or plant, whether on private or public property, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 622.)

Existing law provides that every person who maliciously destroys, mutilates, or otherwise vandalizes or removes any veterans’ memorial constructed or established as specified is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail. (Mil. & Vet. Code, § 1318.)

Existing law provides that every person who maliciously destroys or vandalizes any law enforcement or firefighter memorial is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 621.)

This bill expands Penal Code section 621 to include veterans’ memorials, but specifies that the amended provision does not preclude prosecution under any other law.

COMMENTS

1. Need for This Bill

According to the author of this bill:

The general vandalism statute in California Penal Code Section 594, although quite comprehensive in its application, does not specifically mention memorials of any kind. Elsewhere in the California Penal Code however, the malicious vandalism of memorials for both firefighters and police officers are specifically recognized in their own statute (Penal Code Section 621). Unfortunately for veterans though, memorials erected in their honor are not currently included in that statute as written. This bill seeks to remedy that discrepancy by adding veteran’s memorials to the list of structures explicitly protected under Penal Code Section 621.

1. The Effect of this Legislation

Penal Code section 621, which criminalizes the malicious vandalism of memorials for firefighters and police officers, was enacted in 1992 by AB 1818 (Conroy). That bill also enacted Military and Veterans Code section 1318 which criminalizes the malicious vandalism of veterans’ memorials. The language found in Penal Code section 621 is nearly identical to the language in Military and Veterans Code section 1318. Both sections make it a crime to maliciously destroy, cut, break, mutilate, efface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove the specified memorials. Both sections punish the offenses either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment.

This bill seeks to include veterans’ memorials in Penal Code section 621 even though Military and Veterans Code section 1318 already criminalizes the malicious vandalism of veterans’ memorials. Thus, it is unclear what effect, if any, this legislation would have on the prosecution of these crimes.

Because both of these statutes were enacted through the same bill, AB 1818 (Conroy), Chapter 135, Statutes of 1992, it is clear that the specificity of these statutes was intentional, not an oversight or discrepancy.

1. Argument in Support

According to the American GI Forum Department of California, the sponsor of this bill:

Veterans, law enforcement, and firefighters risk their lives to protect their communities, California, and the nation. Vandalism of their memorials impact the community due to the high regard to which these men and women are held. For example, when the Mexican-American Soldier Memorial in Sacramento was vandalized in 2015, the community was outraged at the vandalism of an iconic memorial to the war efforts of these Mexican-American soldiers for which the memorial was established. The statute was commissioned by a group of Mexican-American mothers whose sons died during World War II. AB 2801 intends to discourage the vandalism of such memorials.

-- END –

Date of Hearing: April 18, 2018

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:AB 2801

Author:(Salas) – As Amended Ver:April 9, 2018

Urgency: No State Mandated Local Program: Yes Reimbursable: No

SUMMARY:

This bill expands the crime of maliciously destroying or defacing law enforcement and firefighter memorials to include veterans’ memorials. Specifically, this bill:

1. Adds veterans’ memorials to the protected memorials.
2. Punishes the malicious destruction or defacing of a veteran’s memorial as either a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment.

FISCAL EFFECT:

1. Negligible state costs because state law already generally makes it a crime to destroy or deface veterans’ memorials and this crime is generally punishable in county jail. While it is possible that someone convicted of a crime pursuant to this bill could be sentenced to state prison if they have prior convictions making them ineligible to serve a realigned felony in county jail, this scenario seems unlikely. For example, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) reports that during the last three years no offenders have been admitted to CDCR under the existing provisions related to destroying or defacing law enforcement and firefighter memorials.
2. Minor and absorbable costs for the Department of Justice to potentially process additional fingerprints and update crime statistics.
3. Potential minor non-reimbursable local costs for incarceration, offset to some extent by revenue from fines and fees.

COMMENTS:

1. Background. Current law, in the Military and Veterans Code, specifies that destroying or defacing a veterans’ memorial, pursuant to certain requirements, is a crime punishable in county jail. In addition, the Penal Code specifies that destroying or defacing a law enforcement or firefighter memorial is a misdemeanor or a realigned felony punishable with imprisonment in county jail.
2. Purpose. This bill expands the Penal Code provisions described above to allow destruction or defacing of a veterans’ memorial to be prosecuted under the Penal Code. According to the author:

Veterans, like peace officers and firefighters, are held to a special esteem because of the dangerous and selfless nature of their work protecting our communities, our state, and the nation. Although any act of vandalism to another’s property is unacceptable, when vandalism is directed at memorials erected in the memory of veterans, peace officers, or firefighters those crimes are particularly appalling and should not be tolerated. Penal Code Section 621 makes it a crime to maliciously vandalize or tear down any law enforcement memorial or firefighter memorial, however veterans memorials are not included in the statute as written. In order to deter such behavior, and to provide an appropriate level of punishment when such crimes are committed, this bill would add “veterans memorials” to Penal Code Section 621 and authorize the court to impose additional punishments.

Analysis Prepared by: Jessica Peters / APPR. / (916) 319-2081

Date of Hearing: April 3, 2018

Counsel: Sandra Uribe

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON

Reginald Byron Jones-Sawyer, Sr., Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:

Author:() – As Ver:

As Proposed to be Amended in Committee

SUMMARY:

Expands the crime of maliciously destroying or defacing law enforcement and firefighter memorials to include veterans’ memorials. Specifically, this bill:

1. Adds veterans’ memorials to the protected memorials.
   
2. Punishes the malicious destruction or defacing of a veteran’s memorial as either a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment.
   
3. States that nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution under any other provision of law.
   

EXISTING LAW:

1. Makes it a crime to maliciously destroy, cut, mutilate, deface, or otherwise injure, tear down, or remove any tomb, monument, memorial, or marker in a cemetery. (Pen. Code, § 594.35.)
   
2. Punishes the malicious defacement or destruction of cemetery property as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 594.35.)
   
3. Provides that every person who maliciously destroys or vandalizes any law enforcement or firefighter memorial is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment. (Pen. Code, § 621.)
   
4. Provides that every person who willfully destroys or vandalizes any municipal monument, work of art, ornamental improvement, or tree or plant, whether on private or public property, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 622.)
   
5. Provides that every person who maliciously destroys, mutilates, or otherwise vandalizes or removes any veterans’ memorial constructed or established as specified is guilty of a crime punishable either as a misdemeanor with imprisonment in the county jail for less than one year, or as a felony with imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to realignment. (Mil. & Vet. Code, § 1318.)
   
6. States that every person who defaces with graffiti, damages, or destroys real property which is not his or her own is guilty of vandalism. (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (a).)
   
7. Punishes an act of vandalism based on the amount of defacement, damage or destruction, as follows:
   
   1. If the damage caused is $400 or more, then the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail under realignment, or in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of up to $10,000, or both the fine and imprisonment. However, if the damage is $10,000 or more, the fine imposed can be up to $50,000.
      
   2. If the damage caused if less than $400, then the offense is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by both that fine and imprisonment. However, if the defendant has a prior vandalism or graffiti conviction, then the fine imposed can be up to $5,000. (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (b).)
      

FISCAL EFFECT:

Unknown

COMMENTS:

1. Author's Statement: According to the author, “Veterans, like peace officers and firefighters, are held to a special esteem because of the dangerous and selfless nature of their work protecting our communities, our state, and the nation. Although any act of vandalism to another’s property is unacceptable, when vandalism is directed at memorials erected in the memory of veterans, peace officers, or firefighters those crimes are particularly appalling and should not be tolerated. Penal Code Section 621 makes it a crime to maliciously vandalize or tear down any law enforcement memorial or firefighter memorial, however veterans memorials are not included in the statute as written. In order to deter such behavior, and to provide an appropriate level of punishment when such crimes are committed, this bill would add ‘veterans memorials’ to Penal Code Section 621 and authorize the court to impose additional punishments.”
   
2. Argument in Support: According to the American GI Forum Department of California, “Veterans, law enforcement, and firefighters risk their lives to protect their communities, California, and the nation. Vandalism of their memorials impact the community due to the high regard to which these men and women are held. For example, when the Mexican-American Soldier Memorial in Sacramento was vandalized in 2015, the community was outraged at the vandalism of an iconic memorial to the war efforts of these Mexican-American soldiers for which the memorial was established. The statute was commissioned by a group of Mexican-American mothers whose sons died during World War II. AB 2801 intends to discourage the vandalism of such memorials.”
   
3. Prior Legislation:
   
   1. SB 1080 (Morrell), of the 2015-2016 legislative session, would have made it a crime to damage, deface, destroy, mutilate, or remove any veteran’s grave marker or object or structure set to memorialize a veteran. SB 1080 failed passage in the Senate Public Safety Committee.
      
   2. AB 2739 (La Malfa) of the 2005-2006 legislative session, would have increased penalties for vandalism to any veterans’ memorial. AB 2739 failed passage in the Senate Public Safety Committee.
      

REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION:

Support

American GI Forum Department of California (Sponsor)
American Legion- Department of California
California State Commanders Veterans Council
California Police Chiefs Association
Chief Probation Officers of California
Los Angeles County Professional Peace Officers Association
Military Officers Association of America- California Council of Chapters
Peace Officers Research Association of California
Vietnam Veterans Association

Opposition

None

Analysis Prepared by: