(1)The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2023, the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to develop individualized county child care subsidy plans, as specified. The bill would require the plans to be submitted by the counties to their local planning council and their respective county board of supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plans and any subsequent modifications to the plans and, in specified situations, would require the State Department of Social Services to review the plans. The bill would require the counties to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the counties plans.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

(2)Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided. Existing law requires the plan to include specified elements, including the development of a local policy, as provided. Existing law requires the local policy to, among other things, authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the State Department of Education and either provides direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

This bill would instead require the local policy, among other things, to authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the department to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

Existing law authorizes the local policy to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to certain factors, including eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKs participation, with exceptions.

This bill would also authorize the local policy to supersede California state preschool eligibility periods, as specified, and would delete the above provisions relating to superseding eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKs participation and the exceptions.

Existing law requires the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by direct service contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda and contractors that contract with licensed providers and centers are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

This bill would instead require the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

(1)The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2023, the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to develop individualized county child care subsidy plans, as specified. The bill would require the plans to be submitted by the counties to their local planning council and their respective county board of supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plans and any subsequent modifications to the plans and, in specified situations, would require the State Department of Social Services to review the plans. The bill would require the counties to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the counties plans.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

(2)Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided. Existing law requires the plan to include specified elements, including the development of a local policy, as provided. Existing law requires the local policy to, among other things, authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the State Department of Education and either provides direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

This bill would instead require the local policy, among other things, to authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the department to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

Existing law authorizes the local policy to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to certain factors, including eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKs participation, with exceptions.

This bill would also authorize the local policy to supersede California state preschool eligibility periods, as specified, and would delete the above provisions relating to superseding eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKs participation and the exceptions.

Existing law requires the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by direct service contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda and contractors that contract with licensed providers and centers are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

This bill would instead require the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

(1)The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2023, the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to develop individualized county child care subsidy plans, as specified. The bill would require the plans to be submitted by the counties to their local planning council and their respective county board of supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plans and any subsequent modifications to the plans and, in specified situations, would require the State Department of Social Services to only review the plans. The bill would require the counties to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the counties plans.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

(2)Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided. Existing law requires the plan to include specified elements, including the development of a local policy, as provided. Existing law requires the local policy to, among other things, authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the State Department of Education and either provides direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

This bill would instead require the local policy, among other things, to authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the department to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

Existing law authorizes the local policy to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to certain factors, including eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS CalWORKs participation, with exceptions.

This bill would also authorize the local policy to supersede California state preschool eligibility periods, as specified, and would delete the above provisions relating to superseding eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS CalWORKs participation and the exceptions.

Existing law requires the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by direct service contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda and contractors that contract with licensed providers and centers are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

This bill would instead require the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

(1)The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2023, the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to develop individualized county child care subsidy plans, as specified. The bill would require the plans to be submitted by the counties to their local planning council and their respective county board of supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plans and any subsequent modifications to the plans. The bill would require the counties to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the counties plans.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

(2)Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided. Existing law requires the plan to include specified elements, including the development of a local policy, as provided. Existing law requires the local policy to, among other things, authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the State Department of Education and either provides direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

This bill would instead require the local policy, among other things, to authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the department to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

Existing law authorizes the local policy to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to certain factors, including eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS participation, with exceptions.

This bill would also authorize the local policy to supersede California state preschool eligibility periods, as specified, and would delete the above provisions relating to superseding eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS participation and the exceptions.

Existing law requires the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by direct service contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda and contractors that contract with licensed providers and centers are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

This bill would instead require the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

(1)The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2025, 2023, the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to develop individualized county child care subsidy plans, as specified. The bill would require the plans to be submitted by the counties to their local planning council and their respective county board of supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plans and any subsequent modifications to the plans. The bill would require the counties to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the counties plans.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

(2)Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided. Existing law requires the plan to include specified elements, including the development of a local policy, as provided. Existing law requires the local policy to, among other things, authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the State Department of Education and either provides direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

This bill would instead require the local policy, among other things, to authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the department to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

Existing law authorizes the local policy to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to certain factors, including eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS participation, with exceptions.

This bill would also authorize the local policy to supersede California state preschool eligibility periods, as specified, and would delete the above provisions relating to superseding eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS participation and the exceptions.

Existing law requires the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by direct service contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda and contractors that contract with licensed providers and centers are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

This bill would instead require the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

(1)The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2023, 2025, the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to develop individualized county child care subsidy plans, as specified. The bill would require the plans to be submitted by the counties to their local planning council and their respective county board of supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plans and any subsequent modifications to the plans. The bill would require the counties to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the counties plans.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

(2)Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided. Existing law requires the plan to include specified elements, including the development of a local policy, as provided. Existing law requires the local policy to, among other things, authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the State Department of Education and either provides direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

This bill would instead require the local policy policy, among other things, to authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with the department to apply to the department to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy.

Existing law authorizes the local policy to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to certain factors, including reimbursement rates. eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS participation, with exceptions.

This bill would also authorize the local policy to supersede California state preschool eligibility periods, as specified. specified, and would delete the above provisions relating to superseding eligibility criteria relating to CalWORKS participation and the exceptions.

Existing law requires the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by direct service contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda and contractors that contract with licensed providers and centers are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

This bill would instead require the plan to include a recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the County of Alameda are eligible to be included in the countys plan.

(1)The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2023, the County Counties of Contra Costa Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, plans, as specified. The bill would require the plan plans to be submitted by the counties to the their local planning council and the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors their respective county board of supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plan plans and any subsequent modifications to the plan. plans. The bill would require the County of Contra Costa counties to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the countys plan. counties plans.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the County of Contra Costa. Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

The Child Care and Development Services Act has a purpose of providing a comprehensive, coordinated, and cost-effective system of child care and development services for children from infancy to 13 years of age and their parents, including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. Existing law requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop standards for the implementation of quality child care programs. Existing law authorizes the County of Alameda and the County of Santa Clara, as a pilot project, to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as provided.

This bill would authorize, until January 1, 2023, the County of Contra Costa to develop an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as specified. The bill would require the plan to be submitted to the local planning council and the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors for approval, as specified. The bill would require the Early Education and Support Division of the State Department of Education to review and approve or disapprove the plan and any subsequent modifications to the plan. The bill would require the County of Contra Costa to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the State Department of Education a report that contains specified information relating to the success of the countys plan.

This bill would make legislative findings and declarations as to the necessity of a special statute for the County of Contra Costa.

CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS

CSA1 Bill Id:AB 435

Author:(Thurmond)

As Amended Ver:September 8, 2017

Majority vote

Original Committee Reference: HUM. S.

SUMMARY: Establishes subsidized child care pilot programs in Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties, and makes changes to Alameda County's subsidized child care pilot program.

Specifically, this bill:

1. States Legislative intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system.
2. Deletes language requiring an agency authorized to apply to the California Department of Education (CDE) to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from Alameda County's subsidized child care pilot program local policy to either provide direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers.
3. Authorizes Alameda County's local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be continuously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified.
4. Broadens language regarding funding sources that are eligible to be included in Alameda County's plan to include funding sources utilized by all contractors that provide child care and development services in the county.
5. Specifies that the local policy developed by Alameda County ensure that families qualifying for California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Stages 2 and 3 child care are provided the same or higher level of benefit as families that qualify for other subsidized child care programs, as specified.
6. Permits Contra Costa County, Marin County, and Sonoma County to individually, as pilot projects, develop and implement an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as specified, to include the following:
7. An assessment to identify the county's goals, and barriers to meeting its goals, for its subsidized child care system, as specified;
8. Development of a local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county's achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care, that, among other things, authorizes the local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be continuously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period and ensures that families qualifying for California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Stages 2 and 3 child care are provided the same or higher level of benefit as families that qualify for other subsidized child care programs, as specified;
9. Recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county's plan; and
10. Establishment of measurable outcomes to evaluate the success of the plan to achieve the county's child care goals and to overcome any barriers identified in the state's child care subsidy system.
11. Allows the plan to include Stage 1 child care services and all voucher-based child care programs.
12. States that the plan, and requirements regarding it, shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.
13. Requires the plan to be submitted to the local planning council, as specified, for approval and, upon approval, requires the board of supervisors of the county to hold at least one public hearing on the plan. Further, requires the plan, should the board vote in favor of it after this hearing, to be submitted to CDE's Early Education and Support Division to review the plan and, within 30 days of receiving it, to approve or disapprove it.
14. Requires the plan, if it includes Stage 1 child care services, to also be submitted to the Department of Social Services (DSS).
15. Requires the Early Education and Support Division to review and either approve or deny any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it. Further specifies that the Early Education and Support Division may only deny those portions of modifications to the plan that are not in conformance with the provisions of this bill or that are in conflict with federal law.
16. Requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to demonstrate, as specified, an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care in the county as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 Fiscal Year.
17. Requires the county to prepare and submit a report summarizing the success of the county's plan and the county's ability to maximize the use of funds and to improve and stabilize child care in the county to the Legislature, the Department of Social Services (DSS), and CDE each year, as specified.
18. Requires CDE to review the report submitted pursuant to provisions of this bill, along with any applicable programmatic and fiscal compliance records, as specified, and determine whether to allow the county to continue with the plan without change, or whether to require modifications to be made to the plan.
19. Requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved plan, to demonstrate that there was not a reduction in the number of children served as a result of implementation of the plan.
20. Requires a participating contractor to receive an increase or decrease in funding that the contractor would have received had the contractor not participated in the plan.
21. Repeals the provisions of this bill as of January 1, 2023.
22. Declares Legislative findings that a special law is necessary and that a general law cannot be made applicable because of the unique circumstances in Contra Costa County, Marin County, and Sonoma County, as specified.

The Senate amendments:

1. Add language allowing the plan to include Stage 1 child care services and all voucher-based child care programs.
2. Add language requiring the individualized county child care subsidy plan, if it includes Stage 1 child care services, to also be submitted to DSS.
3. Add language requiring CDE to review the report submitted pursuant to provisions of this bill, along with any applicable programmatic and fiscal compliance records, as specified, and determine whether to allow the county to continue with the plan without change, or whether to require modifications to be made to the plan.
4. Add language requiring the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved plan, to demonstrate that there was not a reduction in the number of children served as a result of implementation of the plan.
5. Change the sunset date of the Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma County pilot programs from January 1, 2025, to January 1, 2023.
6. Make technical changes.

EXISTING LAW:

1. Establishes the Child Care and Development Services Act to provide child care and development services as part of a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system serving children from birth to 13 years old and their parents, and including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. (Education Code Section (EDC) 8200 et seq.)
2. Defines "child care and development services" to mean services designed to meet a wide variety of children's and families' needs while parents and guardians are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. (EDC 8208)
3. States the intent of the Legislature that all families have access to child care and development services, through resource and referral where appropriate, and regardless of demographic background or special needs, and that families are provided the opportunity to attain financial stability through employment, while maximizing growth and development of their children, and enhancing their parenting skills through participation in child care and development programs. (EDC 8202)
4. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to administer general child care and development programs to include, among other things as specified, age- and developmentally-appropriate activities, supervision, parenting education and involvement, and nutrition. Further allows such programs to be designed to meet child-related needs identified by parents or guardians, as specified. (EDC 8240 and 8241)
5. To allow for maximum parental choice, authorizes the operation of Alternative Payment Programs (APPs) and provision of alternative payments and support services to parents and child care providers by local government agencies or non-profit organizations that contract with CDE. (EDC 8220)
6. Establishes rules and requirements for APPs and providers, as contracted agencies with CDE, to observe, including but not limited to accounting and auditing requirements, attendance monitoring requirements, referral requirements where applicable, and reimbursement and payment procedures. (EDC 8220 et seq.)
7. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to adopt rules and regulations regarding eligibility, enrollment, and priority of services. (EDC 8263)
8. Requires the Superintendent to adopt rules, regulations, and guidelines to facilitate funding and reimbursement procedures for subsidized child care. (EDC 8269)
9. Requires the Superintendent to establish a family fee schedule for subsidized child care, as specified, contingent on income and subject to a cap. (EDC 8273)
10. Establishes the San Mateo County, San Francisco, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. (EDC 8347 et seq., 8335 et seq., 8340 et seq., and 8332 et seq.)

FISCAL EFFECT: According to the Senate Appropriations Committee on August 21, 2017, this bill may result in the following:

1. Potential loss of savings in the millions to the extent that the individualized child care subsidy plans for the various counties allow more of their funding allocations to be expended, rather than the funds being reverted to the General Fund.
2. CDE estimates General Fund costs of up to $158,000 in the first year of the pilot and up to $291,000 thereafter until the pilot ends for implementation, monitoring, and oversight activities for each of the three counties, bringing the total cost to $474,000 for the first year and $873,000 for the remaining four years. This estimate includes the cost for increased oversight activities as well as system modifications necessary for data collection.

COMMENTS:

Child care in Contra Costa County: In Contra County, 6,683 children are served by subsidized child care programs. Close to $3.9 million in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for fiscal year 2015-16. The county reports that, in 2014-15, it lost a contractor equivalent to 300 subsidy slots in East County' additionally, the county reports that over the years, contractors have reduced or increased the number of classrooms based on resources.

Child care in Marin County: In Marin County, 1,435 children are served by subsidized child care programs. $665,092 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Child care in Sonoma County: In Sonoma County, 2,414 children are served by subsidized child care programs. The county estimates that approximately 3,000 children are currently waitlisted for subsidized child care in Sonoma County. $775,870 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Other county pilot programs: AB 1326 (Simitian), Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003, established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project and SB 701 (Migden), Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005, established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project. Both pilots were developed to address two significant issues facing subsidized child care in high-cost counties: 1) that low-income families earning just enough to afford housing in a high-cost area may be deemed to earn too much to qualify for assistance with child care by statewide eligibility standards, and 2) that the statewide Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR) paid to contracted child care centers and family child care homes is often not sufficient to cover program costs and overhead, particularly in high-cost areas. Both counties would see a portion of their child care subsidy funds go unused as low-income families failed to qualify for eligibility by uniform statewide criteria, and as provider reimbursement rates made offering subsidized care untenable for some providers.

San Mateo County's and San Francisco's pilot programs, still in operation today, offer them the limited local flexibility to revise eligibility rules and adjust provider rates and family fees within the context of local evaluation and assessment and heightened state oversight. Thus, the counties are able to reinvest otherwise-unused funds through increased reimbursement rates. Both San Mateo County and San Francisco are also allowed flexibility regarding eligibility rules. San Mateo County and San Francisco currently set their income eligibility thresholds at 85% of the current State Median Income, compared to 70% as the state does. Both the San Mateo County and San Francisco pilot programs have shown success in meeting several of their identified goals' while San Francisco's pilot initially met with some challenges, it was reviewed and adjusted, and "Pilot 2.0" has also shown success in meeting goals.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015, with the passage of AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015. The plan was developed over the course of a year, and was approved by CDE in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year' its local planning council very recently approved the plan.

Need for this bill: According to the author, "Living in a high-cost county means that many families are ineligible for subsidized child care and that provider reimbursement rates are insufficient to cover the cost, as a result, child care subsidy funds allocated to Contra Costa County are not fully utilized or expended. This pilot seeks to address the issue and provide more families with access to child care."

RELATED AND PRIOR LEGISLATION:

AB 258 (Arambula) of the current legislative session, would establish the Fresno County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset 2023. It is currently on the Senate Floor.

AB 300 (Caballero) of the current legislative session, would establish the Monterey County, San Benito County, and Santa Cruz County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2023, and would make changes to Santa Clara County's subsidized child care pilot program. It is currently on the Senate Floor.

AB 377 (Frazier) of the current legislative session, would establish the San Diego County and Solano County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2023. It is currently on the Senate Floor.

AB 2368 (Gordon), Chapter 574, Statutes of 2016, established the Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2022.

AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015, established the Alameda County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2021.

AB 104 (Assembly Budget Committee), Chapter 13, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the July 1, 2018, sunset on the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy pilot program and removed language referring to the San Francisco plan as a pilot project.

SB 103 (Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee), Chapter 324, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the January 1, 2018, sunset of the San Mateo County child care subsidy plan and related reporting requirements and removed language referring to the San Mateo plan as a pilot project.

AB 260 (Gordon), Chapter 731, Statutes of 2013, extended the sunset dates of the San Francisco and San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plans to 2016 and 2018, respectively.

AB 86 (Budget Committee), Chapter 48, Statutes of 2013, extended the sunset data of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2015.

SB 1016 (Budget and Fiscal Review Committee), Chapter 38, Statutes of 2012, extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2014.

AB 1610 (Budget Committee), Chapter 724, Statutes of 2010, extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2013.

SB 1225 (Yee) of 2010, would have extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2016. It died in the Senate Appropriations Committee.

SB 1304 (Simitian), Chapter 61, Statutes of 2008, extended the sunset data of the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2014.

SB 701 (Migden), Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005, established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2011.

AB 1326 (Simitian), Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003, established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2009.

Analysis Prepared by: Daphne Hunt / HUM. S. / (916) 319-2089 FN: 0002402

 THIRD READING  

Bill No: AB 435

Author:

Amended: 9/8/17 in Senate

Vote:

SENATE EDUCATION COMMITTEE: 5-0, 6/21/17

AYES: Allen, Galgiani, Leyva, Mendoza, Vidak

NO VOTE RECORDED: Wilk, Pan

SENATE HUMAN SERVICES COMMITTEE: 7-0, 7/11/17

AYES: Wiener, Berryhill, Glazer, Leyva, McGuire, Nguyen, Portantino

SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE: 7-0, 9/1/17

AYES: Lara, Bates, Beall, Bradford, Hill, Nielsen, Wiener

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 77-0, 5/30/17 - See last page for vote

SUBJECT:

SOURCE: Author

DIGEST:

This bill modifies Alameda County’s existing authorization to create a subsidized child care pilot program and authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma to establish a five-year pilot program for purposes of developing and implementing an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties.

Senate Floor Amendments of 9/8/17 authorize a county plan to include stage one child care services and all voucher-based child care programs and allow the Department of Social Services to review a plan that includes stage one services. The amendments additionally require counties to demonstrate there was no reduction in the number of children served prior to the implementation of the plan.

ANALYSIS:

Existing law:

1. Establishes the Child Care and Development Services Act to provide child care and development services as part of a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system serving children from birth to 13 years old and their parents, and including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full-and part-time programs. (Education Code Section (EC) § 8200 et seq.)
2. Defines "child care and development services" to mean services designed to meet a wide variety of children's and families' needs while parents and guardians are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. (EC § 8208)
3. Establishes several programs providing subsidized child care and development services that serve low-income families who are working, seeking work, in training, or providing community service. These programs are administered by the California Department of Education (CDE) and require the Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI) to adopt rules and regulations on eligibility, enrollment, family fees, provider rates, and priority services. (EC § 8235 and 8263)
4. Requires the SPI to administer general child care and development programs to include, among other things as specified, age-and developmentally-appropriate activities, supervision, parenting education and involvement, and nutrition. Further allows such programs to be designed to meet child-related needs identified by parents or guardians, as specified. (EC § 8240 and 8241)
5. Authorizes, to allow for maximum parental choice, the operation of Alternative Payment Programs (APPs) and provision of alternative payments and support services to parents and child care providers by local government agencies or non-profit organizations that contract with CDE. (EC § 8220)
6. Establishes rules and requirements for APPs and providers, as contracted agencies with CDE, to observe, including but not limited to accounting and auditing requirements, attendance monitoring requirements, referral requirements where applicable, and reimbursement and payment procedures. (EC § 8220 et seq.)
7. Requires the SPI to establish a family fee schedule for subsidized child care, as specified, contingent on income and subject to a cap. (EC § 8273)
8. Establishes the San Mateo County, San Francisco, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. (EC § 8347 et seq., 8335 et seq., 8340 et seq., and 8332 et seq.)

This bill:

1. Authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to establish a five-year pilot program through the development of an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties that include all of the following:
   1. An assessment to identify the county’s goal for its subsidized child care system as described.
   2. A local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county’s achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care. This bill requires that local policy, among other things, to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard only to the following factors:
      1. Eligibility criteria, including, but not limited to, age, family size, time limits income level, and special needs considerations.
      2. Fees, including, but not limited to, families fees, sliding scale fees, and copayments for those families.
      3. Reimbursement rates.
      4. Families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool programs services, may be eligible for up to two 180 day periods within a 24-month period without the family being certified as a new enrollment each year.
   3. Recognition that all funding sources utilized by contracts that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county’s plan.
   4. Establishment of measurable outcomes to evaluate the success of the plan to achieve the county’s child care goals and overcome any barriers identified in the state’s child care subsidy system.
   5. States that the plan, and requirements regarding it, shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.
   6. Authorizes the plan to include stage one child care services and all voucher-based child care programs.
2. Requires that the plan be submitted to the specified local planning council for approval and upon approval the county board of supervisors is required to do all of the following:
   1. Hold at least one public hearing on the plan.
   2. Submit an approved plan to the CDE’s Early Education and Support Division (EESD) for review provided that the board votes in its favor.
   3. If the plan includes stage one child care services, submit the plan the State Department of Social Services for review only.
3. Requires the EESD to review and either approve or disapprove any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it. Specifies that the EESD may only disapprove those portions of the plan that are not in conformance with the provisions of this or that are in conflict with federal law.
4. Requires the county to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the CDE a report that summarizes the success of the county’s plan, and the county’s ability to maximize the use of funds and to improve and stabilize child care in the county.
5. Requires CDE to review the report above in paragraph 4) and other specified records, and determine whether to allow the county to continue with the plan without change, or whether to require that modifications be made to the plan.
6. Requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to:
   1. Demonstrate an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 fiscal year.
   2. Demonstrate that there was no reduction in the number of children served as compared to the number of children served before the implementation of the plan.
7. Requires a participating contractor to receive any increases or decreases in funding that the contractor would have received had the contract not participated in the plan.
8. Makes various legislative findings and declarations related to the unique circumstances in the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma that condition a special law including due to the high-cost of living in those counties.
9. States legislative intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system.
10. Defines various terms for the purpose of this bill.
11. Sunsets the provisions of this bill related to the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma on January 1, 2023.

Changes to the County of Alameda’s existing pilot program

1. Deletes the requirement that an agency authorized to apply to the CDE to amend its existing contract in order to benefit from Alameda County’s local policy to either provide direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers.
2. Authorizes the Alameda County’s local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified.
3. Broadens language regarding funding sources that are eligible to be included in the Alameda County’s plan to include funding sources utilized by all contractors that provide child care development services in the county.
4. Specifies that the local policy developed by Alameda County ensure that families qualifying for California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKS) stages two and three child care are provided the same or higher level of benefit as families that qualify for other subsidized child care programs.

Comments

1. Need for the bill. According to the author, “the statewide care subsidy system has a single income eligibility criteria, reimbursement and fund restriction. This presents major programs for children, working families and providers in counties where the cost of living is well beyond the state median.” First 5 California notes that, “the cost of doing business in Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma Counties is high. Families who earn just enough to meeting housing costs are deemed ineligible for subsidized child care. Unable to cover programming and operational costs, and therefore close or stop serving children who qualify for the subsidy. Together these counties return approximately $3.9 million of allocated funds for Title 5 state subsidized child care to the state for fiscal year, which was intended to keep child care facilities open and serve families.”

This bill seeks to provide Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma limited local flexibility to assess and address local conditions of working families in the county through a child care subsidy pilot plan. This bill additionally makes changes to the County of Alameda’s existing program authorization to include APPs and ensure all CalWORKS families may participate in the flexible eligibility criteria provided under the local policy.

1. Local policy supersedes state law. This bill provides that the adopted local policy may supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to eligibility criteria, fees, reimbursement rates and methods of maximizing efficient use of subsidy funds. Because the details of the policy will be developed as part of a local planning process, the bill does not specify these new criteria. The only state approval of the plan is with the EESD of the CDE.
2. State subsidized child care. Families may be eligible for state and federally subsidized child care through participation in CalWORKs or based on income and need for child care services, including state preschool. Income eligibility for families that are not current recipients of CalWORKs is established at 70 percent of the state median income as calculated in 2007-2008 ($42,216 for a family of three) or if they are recipients of child protective services and if they can show need for child care services.

The state’s subsidized child care and development services are delivered to eligible families through two categories of providers, providers with a direct service contract with the CDE (licensed Title 5 programs) and Title 22 (APPs/vouchers), licensed and licensed-exempt general child care providers. California has established two methodologies for determining the reimbursement rates for child care and development services. Title 22 providers are reimbursed at the RMR. The RMR is determined by the RMR survey and varies depending on the geographical location of the provider. The RMR is currently set to the 75th percentile of the 2014 RMR, thereby providing a lower rate than if based on the most recent survey. Title 5 providers are reimbursed at the Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR), which is a specific rate established in statute. Since January 1, 2017, the SRR is $42.12 per child per day of enrollment.

Many in the field argue that provider reimbursement rates do not keep pace with the actual cost-of-living and reimbursements are insufficient to cover the cost of care and services particularly in counties where the cost-of-living is well beyond the state median.

1. Forgone savings in each county. This bill will not result in additional state costs. This bill allows Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties to retain unspent child care funds that otherwise would revert to the General Fund. As demonstrated by the existing bay area pilot projects, providing the higher reimbursement rates or child care slots to children from families with higher income, within existing funds, is possible by using unspent funds that would otherwise be returned to the state. Reverted funds result in “savings” to the state but would also result in fewer children served through subsidized child care in that particular county.

In addition to Counties of Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz, five other counties are seeking a similar authority that would allow each of those counties flexibility to change local policies different than what is permitted under current law. Concerns have been raised that providing relief to individual counties may delay statewide fixes to the broader system and create unnecessary complexities in the already wide reaching structure. While allowing counties to preserve funds for child care purposes is reasonable, the issues raised (i.e. single statewide income eligibility criteria, reimbursement and fund restrictions) with regard to the state’s child care subsidy system are not necessarily unique to those counties but impact counties across the state.

1. Related budget activity. Budget trailer bill AB 99 (Ting, et. al., Chapter 15, Statutes of 2017) enacted a series of changes in child care and early education to increase flexibility with programs and increase provider reimbursement rates. Among other things, these changes include the following: a) updating the state median income for various family sizes; b) changing the eligibility determination and re-determination requirements for subsidized child care to promote continuity of services for no less than 12 months; c) raising the regional market rate ceiling the 75th percentile of the 2016 regional market rate survey; and d) increasing the SRR to reflect increased costs to providers resulting from increases in the state minimum wage.
2. Existing county-level child care subsidy plans. Current law has authorized four Bay Area pilot projects in the counties of San Mateo, San Francisco, Alameda, and Santa Clara in recognition of the high-cost of living in those counties. AB 1326 (Simitian, Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003) established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project and SB 701 (Migden, Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005) established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project.

San Mateo County’s and San Francisco’s programs offer them the limited local flexibility to revise eligibility rules and adjust provider rates and family fees within the context of local evaluation and assessment and heightened state oversight. Thus, the counties are able to reinvest otherwise-unused funds through increased reimbursement rates. These two pilots were made permanent in those counties.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015, with the passage of AB 833 (Bonta, Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015). The plan was developed over the course of a year, and was approved by CDE in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year; its local planning council very recently approved the plan.

FISCAL EFFECT: Appropriation: Fiscal Com.: Local:

According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:

• Potential loss of savings in the millions to the extent that the individualized child care subsidy plans for the various counties allow more of their funding allocations to be expended, rather than the funds being reverted to the General Fund.
• The CDE estimates General Fund costs of up to $158,000 in the first year of the pilot and up to $291,000 thereafter until the pilot ends for implementation, monitoring, and oversight activities for each of the three counties, bringing the total cost to $474,000 for the first year and $873,000 for the remaining four years. This estimate includes the cost for increased oversight activities as well as system modifications necessary for data collection.

SUPPORT: (Verified 9/1/17)

Alameda County Board of Supervisors

Bay Area Hispano Institute for Advancement

Cambridge Community Center

Children Now

Concord Child Care Center, Inc.,

Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors

Contra Costa County Office of Education

County of Sonoma Commission on the Status of Women

Early Edge California

First 5 Association of California

First 5 California

First 5 Contra Costa Child and Families Commission

Frist 5 Marin Children and Families Commission

Local Early Education Planning Council of Santa Clara County

Marin County Board of Supervisors

Sonoma County Board of Supervisors

OPPOSITION: (Verified 9/1/17)

California Child Development Administrators Association

Child Care Alliance Los Angeles

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 77-0, 5/30/17

AYES: Acosta, Aguiar-Curry, Travis Allen, Arambula, Baker, Berman, Bigelow, Bloom, Bocanegra, Bonta, Brough, Burke, Caballero, Calderon, Cervantes, Chávez, Chen, Chiu, Chu, Cooley, Cooper, Cunningham, Dababneh, Dahle, Daly, Flora, Fong, Frazier, Friedman, Gallagher, Cristina Garcia, Eduardo Garcia, Gipson, Gloria, Gomez, Gonzalez Fletcher, Gray, Grayson, Harper, Holden, Irwin, Jones-Sawyer, Kalra, Kiley, Lackey, Levine, Limón, Low, Maienschein, Mathis, Mayes, McCarty, Medina, Melendez, Mullin, Muratsuchi, Nazarian, Obernolte, O'Donnell, Patterson, Quirk, Quirk-Silva, Reyes, Ridley-Thomas, Rodriguez, Rubio, Salas, Santiago, Steinorth, Mark Stone, Thurmond, Ting, Voepel, Waldron, Weber, Wood, Rendon

NO VOTE RECORDED: Chau, Choi, Eggman

Prepared by:

9/12/17 9:20:28

**** END ****

 THIRD READING  

Bill No: AB 435

Author:

:

Vote:

SENATE EDUCATION COMMITTEE: 5-0, 6/21/17

AYES: Allen, Galgiani, Leyva, Mendoza, Vidak

NO VOTE RECORDED: Wilk, Pan

SENATE HUMAN SERVICES COMMITTEE: 7-0, 7/11/17

AYES: Wiener, Berryhill, Glazer, Leyva, McGuire, Nguyen, Portantino

SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE: 7-0, 9/1/17

AYES: Lara, Bates, Beall, Bradford, Hill, Nielsen, Wiener

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 77-0, 5/30/17 - See last page for vote

SUBJECT:

SOURCE: Author

DIGEST:

This bill modifies Alameda County’s existing authorization to create a subsidized child care pilot program and authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma to establish a five-year pilot program for purposes of developing and implementing an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties.

ANALYSIS:

Existing law:

1. Establishes the Child Care and Development Services Act to provide child care and development services as part of a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system serving children from birth to 13 years old and their parents, and including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full-and part-time programs. (Education Code Section (EC) § 8200 et seq.)
2. Defines "child care and development services" to mean services designed to meet a wide variety of children's and families' needs while parents and guardians are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. (EC § 8208)
3. Establishes several programs providing subsidized child care and development services that serve low-income families who are working, seeking work, in training, or providing community service. These programs are administered by the California Department of Education (CDE) and require the Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI) to adopt rules and regulations on eligibility, enrollment, family fees, provider rates, and priority services. (EC § 8235 and 8263)
4. Requires the SPI to administer general child care and development programs to include, among other things as specified, age-and developmentally-appropriate activities, supervision, parenting education and involvement, and nutrition. Further allows such programs to be designed to meet child-related needs identified by parents or guardians, as specified. (EC § 8240 and 8241)
5. Authorizes, to allow for maximum parental choice, the operation of Alternative Payment Programs (APPs) and provision of alternative payments and support services to parents and child care providers by local government agencies or non-profit organizations that contract with CDE. (EC § 8220)
6. Establishes rules and requirements for APPs and providers, as contracted agencies with CDE, to observe, including but not limited to accounting and auditing requirements, attendance monitoring requirements, referral requirements where applicable, and reimbursement and payment procedures. (EC § 8220 et seq.)
7. Requires the SPI to establish a family fee schedule for subsidized child care, as specified, contingent on income and subject to a cap. (EC § 8273)
8. Establishes the San Mateo County, San Francisco, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. (EC § 8347 et seq., 8335 et seq., 8340 et seq., and 8332 et seq.)

This bill:

1. Authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to establish a five-year pilot program through the development of an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties that include all of the following:
   1. An assessment to identify the county’s goal for its subsidized child care system as described.
   2. A local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county’s achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care. This bill requires that local policy, among other things, to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard only to the following factors:
      1. Eligibility criteria, including, but not limited to, age, family size, time limits income level, and special needs considerations.
      2. Fees, including, but not limited to, families fees, sliding scale fees, and copayments for those families.
      3. Reimbursement rates.
      4. Families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool programs services, may be eligible for up to two 180 day periods within a 24-month period without the family being certified as a new enrollment each year.
   3. Recognition that all funding sources utilized by contracts that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county’s plan.
   4. Establishment of measurable outcomes to evaluate the success of the plan to achieve the county’s child care goals and overcome any barriers identified in the state’s child care subsidy system.
   5. States that the plan, and requirements regarding it, shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.
2. Requires that the plan be submitted to the specified local planning council for approval and upon approval the county board of supervisors is required to do all of the following:
   1. Hold at least one public hearing on the plan.
   2. Submit an approved plan to the CDE’s Early Education and Support Division (EESD) for review provided that the board votes in its favor.
3. Requires the EESD to review and either approve or disapprove any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it. Specifies that the EESD may only disapprove those portions of the plan that are not in conformance with the provisions of this or that are in conflict with federal law.
4. Requires the county to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the CDE a report that summarizes the success of the county’s plan, and the county’s ability to maximize the use of funds and to improve and stabilize child care in the county.
5. Requires CDE to review the report above in paragraph 4) and other specified records, and determine whether to allow the county to continue with the plan without change, or whether to require that modifications be made to the plan.
6. Requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to demonstrate an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 fiscal year.
7. Requires a participating contractor to receive any increases or decreases in funding that the contractor would have received had the contract not participated in the plan.
8. Makes various legislative findings and declarations related to the unique circumstances in the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma that condition a special law including due to the high-cost of living in those counties.
9. States legislative intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system.
10. Defines various terms for the purpose of this bill.
11. Sunsets the provisions of this bill related to the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma on January 1, 2023.

Changes to the County of Alameda’s existing pilot program

1. Deletes the requirement that an agency authorized to apply to the CDE to amend its existing contract in order to benefit from Alameda County’s local policy to either provide direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers.
2. Authorizes the Alameda County’s local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified.
3. Broadens language regarding funding sources that are eligible to be included in the Alameda County’s plan to include funding sources utilized by all contractors that provide child care development services in the county.
4. Specifies that the local policy developed by Alameda County ensure that families qualifying for California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKS) stages two and three child care are provided the same or higher level of benefit as families that qualify for other subsidized child care programs.

Comments

1. Need for the bill. According to the author, “the statewide care subsidy system has a single income eligibility criteria, reimbursement and fund restriction. This presents major programs for children, working families and providers in counties where the cost of living is well beyond the state median.” First 5 California notes that, “the cost of doing business in Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma Counties is high. Families who earn just enough to meeting housing costs are deemed ineligible for subsidized child care. Unable to cover programming and operational costs, and therefore close or stop serving children who qualify for the subsidy. Together these counties return approximately $3.9 million of allocated funds for Title 5 state subsidized child care to the state for fiscal year, which was intended to keep child care facilities open and serve families.”

This bill seeks to provide Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma limited local flexibility to assess and address local conditions of working families in the county through a child care subsidy pilot plan. This bill additionally makes changes to the County of Alameda’s existing program authorization to include APPs and ensure all CalWORKS families may participate in the flexible eligibility criteria provided under the local policy.

1. Local policy supersedes state law. This bill provides that the adopted local policy may supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to eligibility criteria, fees, reimbursement rates and methods of maximizing efficient use of subsidy funds. Because the details of the policy will be developed as part of a local planning process, the bill does not specify these new criteria. The only state approval of the plan is with the EESD of the CDE.
2. State subsidized child care. Families may be eligible for state and federally subsidized child care through participation in CalWORKs or based on income and need for child care services, including state preschool. Income eligibility for families that are not current recipients of CalWORKs is established at 70 percent of the state median income as calculated in 2007-2008 ($42,216 for a family of three) or if they are recipients of child protective services and if they can show need for child care services.

The state’s subsidized child care and development services are delivered to eligible families through two categories of providers, providers with a direct service contract with the CDE (licensed Title 5 programs) and Title 22 (APPs/vouchers), licensed and licensed-exempt general child care providers. California has established two methodologies for determining the reimbursement rates for child care and development services. Title 22 providers are reimbursed at the RMR. The RMR is determined by the RMR survey and varies depending on the geographical location of the provider. The RMR is currently set to the 75th percentile of the 2014 RMR, thereby providing a lower rate than if based on the most recent survey. Title 5 providers are reimbursed at the Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR), which is a specific rate established in statute. Since January 1, 2017, the SRR is $42.12 per child per day of enrollment.

Many in the field argue that provider reimbursement rates do not keep pace with the actual cost-of-living and reimbursements are insufficient to cover the cost of care and services particularly in counties where the cost-of-living is well beyond the state median.

1. Forgone savings in each county. This bill will not result in additional state costs. This bill allows Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties to retain unspent child care funds that otherwise would revert to the General Fund. As demonstrated by the existing bay area pilot projects, providing the higher reimbursement rates or child care slots to children from families with higher income, within existing funds, is possible by using unspent funds that would otherwise be returned to the state. Reverted funds result in “savings” to the state but would also result in fewer children served through subsidized child care in that particular county.

In addition to Counties of Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz, five other counties are seeking a similar authority that would allow each of those counties flexibility to change local policies different than what is permitted under current law. Concerns have been raised that providing relief to individual counties may delay statewide fixes to the broader system and create unnecessary complexities in the already wide reaching structure. While allowing counties to preserve funds for child care purposes is reasonable, the issues raised (i.e. single statewide income eligibility criteria, reimbursement and fund restrictions) with regard to the state’s child care subsidy system are not necessarily unique to those counties but impact counties across the state.

1. Related budget activity. Budget trailer bill AB 99 (Ting, et. al., Chapter 15, Statutes of 2017) enacted a series of changes in child care and early education to increase flexibility with programs and increase provider reimbursement rates. Among other things, these changes include the following: a) updating the state median income for various family sizes; b) changing the eligibility determination and re-determination requirements for subsidized child care to promote continuity of services for no less than 12 months; c) raising the regional market rate ceiling the 75th percentile of the 2016 regional market rate survey; and d) increasing the SRR to reflect increased costs to providers resulting from increases in the state minimum wage.
2. Existing county-level child care subsidy plans. Current law has authorized four Bay Area pilot projects in the counties of San Mateo, San Francisco, Alameda, and Santa Clara in recognition of the high-cost of living in those counties. AB 1326 (Simitian, Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003) established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project and SB 701 (Migden, Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005) established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project.

San Mateo County’s and San Francisco’s programs offer them the limited local flexibility to revise eligibility rules and adjust provider rates and family fees within the context of local evaluation and assessment and heightened state oversight. Thus, the counties are able to reinvest otherwise-unused funds through increased reimbursement rates. These two pilots were made permanent in those counties.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015, with the passage of AB 833 (Bonta, Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015). The plan was developed over the course of a year, and was approved by CDE in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year; its local planning council very recently approved the plan.

FISCAL EFFECT: Appropriation: Fiscal Com.: Local:

According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:

• Potential loss of savings in the millions to the extent that the individualized child care subsidy plans for the various counties allow more of their funding allocations to be expended, rather than the funds being reverted to the General Fund.
• The CDE estimates General Fund costs of up to $158,000 in the first year of the pilot and up to $291,000 thereafter until the pilot ends for implementation, monitoring, and oversight activities for each of the three counties, bringing the total cost to $474,000 for the first year and $873,000 for the remaining four years. This estimate includes the cost for increased oversight activities as well as system modifications necessary for data collection.

SUPPORT: (Verified 9/1/17)

Alameda County Board of Supervisors

Bay Area Hispano Institute for Advancement

Cambridge Community Center

Children Now

Concord Child Care Center, Inc.,

Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors

Contra Costa County Office of Education

County of Sonoma Commission on the Status of Women

Early Edge California

First 5 Association of California

First 5 California

First 5 Contra Costa Child and Families Commission

Frist 5 Marin Children and Families Commission

Local Early Education Planning Council of Santa Clara County

Marin County Board of Supervisors

Sonoma County Board of Supervisors

OPPOSITION: (Verified 9/1/17)

California Child Development Administrators Association

Child Care Alliance Los Angeles

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 77-0, 5/30/17

AYES: Acosta, Aguiar-Curry, Travis Allen, Arambula, Baker, Berman, Bigelow, Bloom, Bocanegra, Bonta, Brough, Burke, Caballero, Calderon, Cervantes, Chávez, Chen, Chiu, Chu, Cooley, Cooper, Cunningham, Dababneh, Dahle, Daly, Flora, Fong, Frazier, Friedman, Gallagher, Cristina Garcia, Eduardo Garcia, Gipson, Gloria, Gomez, Gonzalez Fletcher, Gray, Grayson, Harper, Holden, Irwin, Jones-Sawyer, Kalra, Kiley, Lackey, Levine, Limón, Low, Maienschein, Mathis, Mayes, McCarty, Medina, Melendez, Mullin, Muratsuchi, Nazarian, Obernolte, O'Donnell, Patterson, Quirk, Quirk-Silva, Reyes, Ridley-Thomas, Rodriguez, Rubio, Salas, Santiago, Steinorth, Mark Stone, Thurmond, Ting, Voepel, Waldron, Weber, Wood, Rendon

NO VOTE RECORDED: Chau, Choi, Eggman

Prepared by:

9/4/17 12:19:13

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SENATE COMMITTEE ON

Senator Ricardo Lara, Chair

2017 - 2018 Regular Session

AB 435 (Thurmond) - Child care subsidy plans: Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma

This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File.

Bill Summary:

This bill authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to establish a five-year pilot program for purposes of developing and implementing an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the specific needs of families in those counties, and also modifies the existing pilot in Alameda County to conform to the new pilots.

Fiscal Impact:

• Potential loss of savings in the millions to the extent that the individualized child care subsidy plans for the various counties allow more of their funding allocations to be expended, rather than the funds being reverted to the General Fund.
• The CDE estimates General Fund costs of up to $158,000 in the first year of the pilot and up to $291,000 thereafter until the pilot ends for implementation, monitoring, and oversight activities for each of the three counties, bringing the total cost to $474,000 for the first year and $873,000 for the remaining four years. This estimate includes the cost for increased oversight activities as well as system modifications necessary for data collection.

Background:

Existing law establishes the Child Care and Developmental Services Act to provide child care and development services as part of a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system serving children from birth to 13 years old and their parents including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs.

Existing law states legislative intent that all families have access to child care and development services, regardless of demographic background or special needs, that families are provided the opportunity to attain financial stability through employment, while maximizing growth and development of their children, and enhancing their parenting skills through participation in child care and development programs, among other things.

Further, existing law establishes several programs providing subsidized child care and development services that service low-income families who are working, seeking work, in training, or providing community service. These programs are administered by the CDE and require the Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI) to adopt rules and regulations on eligibility, enrollment, family fees, provider rates, and priority services.

Existing law authorizes a pilot project in San Mateo County (since 2004) and San Francisco City and County (since 2006) that allows the counties to develop and implement an individualized county child care subsidy plan in recognition of the high-cost of living in those counties.

Proposed Law:

This bill authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma to establish a five-year pilot program through the development of an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets local needs, conditions, and priorities of working families in their respective communities. Each plan shall include all of the following:

1. An assessment to identify the county’s goal for its subsidized child care system as described, including an examination of whether the current structure of subsidized child care funding adequately supports working families and the identification of barriers in the state’s child care subsidy system that inhibit the county from meeting its child care goals, as specified.
2. A local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county’s achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care. This bill requires that the local policy, among other things, supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regards to the following factors: eligibility criteria, including, but not limited to, age, family size, time limits income level, and special needs considerations; fees, including, but not limited to, families fees, sliding scale fees, and copayments for those families who are not income eligible; reimbursement rates, and methods of maximizing the efficient use of subsidy funds.

The local policy shall also prioritize the lowest income families first; follow the established family fee schedule, as specified; meet local goals consistent with the state’s child care goals; identify existing policies that would be affected by the county’s plan; authorize an agency that provided child care and development services in the county through a contract with the department to apply to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy, as specified; provide a family that qualifies for the second or third stage of child care services, as specified, the same or higher level of benefit as a family that qualifies for subsidized child care on another basis pursuant to the local policy, as specified.

1. Recognition that all funding sources utilized by contracts that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county’s plan.
2. Establishment of measurable outcomes to evaluate the success of the plan to achieve the county’s child care goals and overcome any barriers identified in the state’s child care subsidy system.

This bill states that the plan shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.

This bill requires that the plan be submitted to the specified local planning council for approval and upon approval, the county board of supervisors shall do all of the following: hold at least one public hearing on the plan; and submit an approved plan to the CDE for review.

Further, this bill requires the CDE to review and either approve or disapprove any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it. The bill specifies that the CDE may only disapprove those portions of the plan that are not in conformance with the provisions of this or that are in conflict with federal law.

This bill requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to demonstrate an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 fiscal year.

This bill also requires the county to annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the Department of Social Services, and the CDE a report that summarizes the success of the county’s plan, and the county’s ability to maximize the use of the funds and improve and stabilize child care in the county. The CDE shall review the report and determine whether to allow the county to continue with the plan without change, or whether to require modifications to be made to the plan.

Further, this bill requires a participating contractor to receive any increases or decreases in funding that the contractor would have received had the contract not participated in the plan.

This bill makes various legislative findings and declarations related to the unique circumstances in the various counties including the high cost of living in those counties, and states the Legislature’s intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system.

This bill conforms the statutory language for the Alameda pilot project to the proposed pilot projects in Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma.

This bill defines various terms and sunsets its provisions on January 1, 2023.

Related Legislation:

AB 258 (Arambula, 2017) would establish the Fresno County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot. This bill is also scheduled to be heard by this Committee on August 21, 2017.

AB 300 (Caballero, 2017) authorizes the Counties of Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz to establish an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot program, and also modifies the existing pilot in Santa Clara County to conform to the new pilots. This bill is also scheduled to be heard by this Committee on August 21, 2017.

AB 377 (Frazier, 2017), would establish the San Diego County and Solano County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. This bill is also scheduled to be heard by this Committee on August 21, 2017.

Staff Comments:

Current law has authorized four Bay Area pilot projects in recognition of the high-cost of living in those counties. AB 1326 (Simitian, Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003), established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project and SB 701 (Migden, Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005), established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project.

The pilot programs for San Mateo and San Francisco were established to increase subsidized child care access and options. Under the pilots, both counties’ local policies approved by the CDE allowed them the flexibility to provide subsidized child care to families whose income levels would have made them ineligible in other parts of the state, to pay increased reimbursement rates to child care providers, and to temporarily reallocate funds among providers when one provider was not going to be able to fully expend the funding in its contract to maximize county-level use of the contract dollars and services. The pilot program did not provide the counties additional funding for subsidized child care; it simply made it easier for the two counties to spend the funding they were allocated annually. As intended, the pilot resulted in more subsidized child care money being spent on subsidized child care in those counties, and less reverting back to the state General Fund.

In 2002-03, the year before the pilot began, San Mateo County was unable to spend 15 percent of its allocation, and returned that money to the General Fund. By contrast, in 2011-12, it was unable to spend only 3.6 percent of its allocation, and returned $652,580 to the state. San Francisco County returned $1,134,639 – 2.3 percent of its allocation, in 2011-12.

According to the CDE for the 2014-15 and 2015-16 fiscal years, Contra Costa County returned $3.2 million and $4.4 million of its contracted child care dollars to the state; Marin County returned $915,000 and $833,320; and Sonoma County returned $1.2 million and $2.1 million. If the outcomes of this pilot are similar to those in San Mateo County and San Francisco County, these counties could potentially retain these funds to provide additional services, which averages over the two years to be about $6.3 million.

-- END --

SENATE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN SERVICES

Senator Wiener, Chair

2017 - 2018 Regular

Bill No: AB 435

Subject: Child care subsidy plans: Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma

SUMMARY

This bill authorizes the counties of Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma to each establish a five-year pilot program to develop and implement an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties, and makes conforming amendments to the existing Alameda County pilot project.

ABSTRACT

Existing law:

1. Establishes the Child Care and Development Services Act to provide a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system of child care and development services to children from birth to 13 years old and their parents, and including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full-and part-time programs. (EDC 8200 et seq.)
2. States Legislative intent that all families have access to child care and development services, through resource and referral where appropriate, and regardless of demographic background or special needs, and that families are provided the opportunity to attain financial stability through employment, while maximizing growth and development of their children, and enhancing their parenting skills through participation in child care and development programs. (EDC 8202)
3. Establishes several programs providing subsidized child care and development services that serve low-income families who are working, seeking work, in training, or providing community service. These programs are administered by the California Department of Education (CDE) and require the Superintendent of Public Instruction to adopt rules and regulations on eligibility, enrollment, family fees, provider rates, and priority services. (EDC 8235 and 8263, 8269)
4. Requires that the Superintendent shall administer all California state preschool programs. Those programs shall include, but not be limited to, part-day age and developmentally appropriate programs designed to facilitate the transition to kindergarten for three- and four-year-old children in educational development, health services, social services, nutritional services, parent education and parent participation, evaluation, and staff development. (EDC 8235)
5. Establishes enrollment priority for accepting children into subsidized child care for abused or neglected children who are recipients of child welfare services, or are at risk of such and income-eligible families based on a calculation of family size and income, including families who are recipients of CalWORKs aid and engaged in work or job search, as specified. (EDC 8235, EDC 8263)
6. Requires the Superintendent to administer general child care and development programs to include, among other things as specified, age-and developmentally-appropriate activities, supervision, parenting education and involvement, and nutrition. Further allows such programs to be designed to meet child-related needs identified by parents or guardians, as specified. (EDC 8240, EDC 8241)
7. Authorizes the operation of Alternative Payment Programs (APPs) that contract with CDE to allow for maximum parental choice, and permits a subsidy to follow a family from one provider to another, secure child care during weekends, evenings and split-shifts, and permits payments to family day care homes, general center-based programs and others, under specified conditions. (EDC 8220)
8. Requires the Superintendent to establish a family fee schedule for subsidized child care, as specified, contingent on income and subject to a cap. (EDC 8273)
9. Establishes the San Mateo County, San Francisco, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. (EDC 8347 et seq., EDC 8335 et seq., EDC 8340 et seq., and EDC 8332 et seq.)

This bill:

1. States the Legislature’s intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system for children from birth to age 5, as specified.
2. Authorizes the counties of Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma to individually establish five-year pilot programs through the development of an individualized county child care subsidy plan to address the needs of working families in those counties. Sunsets the provisions of this bill on January 1, 2023.
3. Requires the plan to include an assessment to identify the county’s goal for its subsidized child care system as described, including an examination of barriers in the state’s child care subsidy system that inhibit the county from meeting its child care goals.
4. Requires that the plan include development of a local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county’s achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care. Requires the local policy do the following:
   • 1. Prioritize the lowest income families first
     2. Follow the established family fee schedule, as specified.
     3. Meet local goals consistent with the state’s child care goals.
     4. Identify existing policies that would be affected by the county’s plan.
5. Requires that the local policy authorize an agency that provides child care and development services in the county through a contract with CDE to apply to CDE to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from the local policy, and requires CDE to approve an application to amend an existing contract if it is modified consistent with statute, as defined.
6. Requires that the local plan provide a family in Stage 2 or 3 of the CalWORKs program the same or higher level of benefit as a family that qualifies for subsidized child care on another bases, as specified.
7. Permits the local plan to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard only to the following factors:
8. Eligibility criteria, including, but not limited to, age, family size, time limits, income level, and special needs considerations.
9. Fees, including, but not limited to, families fees, sliding scale fees, and copayments for those families.
10. Reimbursement rates.
11. Methods of maximizing the efficient use of subsidy funds.
12. Requires the local plan to recognize that all funding sources utilized by contracts that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county’s plan.
13. Requires that the plan establish measurable outcomes to evaluate the plan’s success to achieve the county’s child care goals and overcome any barriers identified in the state’s child care subsidy system.
14. States that the plan, and requirements regarding it, shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.
15. Requires that the plan be submitted to the specified local planning council for approval and upon approval, requires the county board of supervisors to hold at least one public hearing on the plan, prior to holding a board vote. If the board approves the plan, requires the county submit it to CDE’s Early Education and Support Division.
16. Requires the Early Education and Support Division to review the plan, and take specified action within specified timelines, and permits CDE to disapprove only portions of the plan that are out of conformance with state or federal law, as specified.
17. Requires a pilot county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to demonstrate an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 fiscal year.
18. Requires a participating contractor to receive any increases or decreases in funding that the contractor would have received had the contractor not participated in the plan.
19. Conforms Alameda County’s existing pilot project to the language in this and other new pilot projects, including authorization for families in part-day state preschool to be eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period without the family being certified as a new enrollment each year.
20. States Legislative findings and declarations that there are unique circumstances in Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma, and that existing law does not reflect the fiscal reality of living in these high-cost counties where the cost of living is well beyond the state median level, resulting in reduced access to quality child care.

FISCAL IMPACT

An analysis by the Assembly Appropriations Committee noted that bill would allow Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties to retain unspent child care funds that otherwise would revert to the General Fund.  Approximately $5.3 million in subsidized child care funds was returned to the state by these three counties.  That funding is a combination of GF, Prop 98 funding and federal funds. Historically, such reversions have been redistributed for child care purposes in subsequent budget years.

The Appropriations Committee identified costs to CDE of $390,000 (GF) in FY 2017-18 and $285,000 (GF) ongoing for plan review and approval, including plan modifications for the three counties combined.

BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION

Purpose of the bill:

According to the author, the statewide child care subsidy system has a single income eligibility criteria, reimbursement and fund restriction which presents major problems for children, working families and providers in counties where the cost of living is well beyond the state median. “Without taking funds from other counties or increasing state costs, this pilot would permit waivers of specific rules,” the author states. “Living in a high-cost county means that many families are ineligible for subsidized child care and that provider reimbursement rates are insufficient to cover the cost. As a result, child care subsidy funds allocated to Contra Costa County are not fully utilized or expended.”

Background

California’s subsidized child care system is designed to support low-income parents and guardians who are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. In 2016-2017, the state allocated nearly $3.76 billion to provide 434,000 children with subsidized child care and preschool. About 12 percent of children in care are ages 2 or younger; 59 percent are aged 3 and 4 and 29 percent are aged 5 or older, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office.^[1] This number does not include children who are enrolled in federally funded Head Start and other programs.

Families are generally eligible for subsidized child care if their income is less than 70 percent of the 2007-08 State Median Income (about $42,000 per year for a family of three), and if the parents have a need for child care because they are working, in job training, or in school. Care is available for children are up to 12 years old, or up to 21 years old for youth with exceptional needs. There are approximately 190,000 slots statewide in various subsidized child care programs, and another 163,000 slots in State Preschool centers. The following table shows current income eligibility ceilings by family size:

California Department of Education

Among the groups of people with priority for subsidized child care are parents participating in the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) program, including those who are transitioning from the program and into work. Additionally, CDE administers non-CalWORKs child care, which includes General Child Care in contracted centers and family child care homes; the California State Preschool Program, which provides developmentally, culturally, and linguistically appropriate curriculum to eligible three- and four-year olds; and the APPs, which provide vouchers that can be used to obtain child care in a center, family child care home, or from a license-exempt provider. Many families on CalWORKs also use vouchered providers for care. Waitlists for non-CalWORKs child care are common.

Provider rates and Family Fees

Rates for child care are generally broken into two categories based on the funding source. Many in the field argue that provider reimbursement rates are insufficient to cover the cost of care and services particularly in counties where the cost-of-living is well beyond the state median. In most programs, parents additionally must pay a fee to the state if they are making above 40 percent of the State Median Income in 2007, which translates to about $24,000 per year for a family of three. Fees range from $21 to $373 per month.

Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR)

Providers that have direct contracts with the CDE generally are funded with the standard reimbursement rate. These include General Child Care, contract-based Migrant Child Care and State Preschool, and specific rates are established in statute. These programs receive the same reimbursement rate based on the age of the child no matter where in the state the program is located. Since January 1, 2017, the SRR is $42.12 per child per day of enrollment. Adjustments to the rate may be made for child-specific characteristics, such as disability or proficiency in speaking English. California relies more heavily on contracted providers than do other states, according to the LAO.

The Regional Market Rate (RMR)

A survey of market rates for child care in each of California’s 58 counties is used to establish maximum child care reimbursement rates for child care services for families in various APPs or other voucher child care programs. The RMR is based on a survey of private licensed day care centers and family child care homes in each region and will vary within a county based on a child’s age and other unique factors, such as disability. States are required to conduct a market rate survey every two years, but are not required to use the most recent survey to set rates.

The RMR is currently set to the 75^th percentile of the 2014 RMR survey, and budget trailer bill recently updated this rate to the 75^th percentile of the 2016 RMR survey. (AB 99, Committee on Budget, Chapter 15, Statutes of 2017) Families may choose a child care provider that charges a rate above the RMR, but the provider would only be reimbursed at the RMR.

License-exempt providers are reimbursed at 70 percent of the Family Child Care Home ceilings. In Los Angeles County, for example, the full-time daily RMR for a preschool-age child in a child care center is $64.21. For that same child in a family child care home, the RMR is $50.44, and with a license-exempt provider, the RMR is $35.31.

Family fees

The Superintendent is required to establish a fee schedule for families depending on their income. For a family of three, for example, subsidized child care remains at no cost for families earning less than $1,950 per month. However, with incomes between $1,950 and the income ceiling of $3,518, a family fee is charged on a sliding scale, but never to surpass 10 percent of a family’s income. For a family of three with a monthly income of $1,950, the monthly family fee for full-time care is $42; for a family of three earning $3,518 per month, this fee is $345.

Reverted funds

Each year, counties return funds that were allocated for subsidized child care. According to an LAO report on child care spending, $101 million in state preschool funding allocated to providers was “unearned” in 2014-2015, or 12 percent of all preschool funding. According to the LAO, this rate is almost double the unearned rate for other contract-based child care programs, which have a 7 percent unspent rate. It also was 77 percent higher than the unearned amount for the program a year earlier.

Advocates for the pilots say that the salaries of families who need care may be just above the eligibility limit for subsidized care and therefore unable to use the subsidy dollars. Other barriers may include a lack of flexibility in funding type. The LAO speculated that factors leading to unused slots may include that providers are unable to expand or open new sites quickly enough to accommodate the rapid increase in slots since 2014-2015. Additionally, the increase in enrollment of other large competing programs for four-year-olds, such as Transitional Kindergarten, may be pulling eligible students from state preschool – which is earmarked for 3- and 4-year olds.

Contra Costa County

In Contra County, 6,683 children are served each month by the subsidized child care programs noted in the chart below.

Nearly $3.9 million in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for fiscal year 2015-16. The county reports that, in 2014-15, it lost a contractor equivalent to 300 subsidy slots in East County.

Marin County

In Marin County, 1,435 children are served each month by the subsidized child care programs noted in the chart below. (Note: numbers provided by the county do not total to 1,435). Marin County returned $665,092 in subsidized child care funds to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Sonoma County

In Sonoma County, 2,414 children are served each month by the subsidized child care programs noted in the chart below. Sonoma County estimates that approximately 3,000 children are currently waitlisted for subsidized child care. $775,870 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Existing pilots

Currently, four Bay Area counties have pilot projects that were authorized in statute, beginning with AB 1326 (Simitian, Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003), which established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project. Two years later, SB 701 (Migden, Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005) established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project.

The pilots were developed to address two significant issues facing subsidized child care in high-cost counties: 1) that low-income families earning just enough to afford housing in a high-cost area may be deemed to earn too much to qualify for assistance with child care by statewide eligibility standards, and 2) that the statewide Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR) paid to contracted child care centers and family child care homes is often not sufficient to cover program costs and overhead, particularly in high-cost areas.

Ultimately, these two pilots were made permanent in those counties. The local flexibility allows those counties to revise eligibility rules, so that families earning just above the eligibility ceiling can qualify for subsidized care. San Mateo County and San Francisco currently set their income eligibility thresholds at 85 percent of the current state median income, compared to 70 percent of SMI in the non-pilot counties. The individualized programs also allow these two counties to adjust provider rates and family fees using funds that would otherwise be unspent.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015, with the passage of AB 833 (Bonta, Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015). The plan was developed locally and was approved by CDE in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year; its local planning council very recently approved the plan.

Budget trailer bill

Various changes to the state child care programs were made in the 2017-2018 budget trailer bill, which was signed in June by Gov. Brown (AB 99, Committee on Budget, Chapter 15, Statutes of 2017). Among the changes were increases to the SRR and the RMR rates. Also included in those changes are expansion of eligibility from six to 12 months, and establishment of a new definition of eligibility to be “ongoing income eligible” for purposes of establishing ongoing income eligibility for services under the act.

The bill also requires income eligibility and ongoing income eligibility calculations to be adjusted for family size, and that the Department of Finance calculate the state median income for various family sizes for this purpose, as provided, and to update those calculations and provide them to CDE no later than May 1 of each fiscal year.

Related legislation:

AB 258 (Arambula) would establish the Fresno County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project through 2023.

AB 300 (Caballero, 2017) would establish the Monterey County, San Benito County, and Santa Cruz County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, and would make changes to Santa Clara County’s existing pilot program.

AB 377 (Frazier, 2017) would establish the San Diego County and Solano County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects.

AB 2368 (Gordon, Chapter 574, Statutes of 2016) established the Santa Clara County pilot.

AB 833 (Bonta, Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015) established Alameda County’s pilot project.

SB 701 (Migden, Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005) established the San Francisco pilot.

AB 1326 (Simitian, Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003) established the San Mateo County pilot.

Arguments in Support:

The First 5 Association of California writes in support of this bill that the cost of doing business in these counties is high, and families who earn just enough to meet housing costs are deemed ineligible for subsidized child care. “Together, these counties returned approximately $3.9 million of allocated funds for Title 5 state subsidized child care to the state … which was intended to keep child care facilities open and serve families.” The First 5 also writes that, “while we advocate for statewide eligibility reform, AB 435 adds additional, needed flexibility in counties most impacted by the region’s high cost of providing care.”

Arguments in Opposition:

The Child Care Alliance Los Angeles writes that while it appreciates the efforts to maximize services within the existing child care subsidy system, it has “grave concerns” that the proposed pilot projects do not fix system-wide issues which hamper the effectiveness of these programs statewide. “In fact, from our perspective, they delay the fixes to the broader system and create unnecessary complexities in the already wide reaching system. … We believe it is critical to address the full system for all California children and families rather than working county by county on pilot solutions.”

COMMENTS

More than 6.6 million children in California are under the age of 13, and about 60 percent of those children live in families where all the parents or guardians work or are attending school. Child care is a critical need, yet according to kidsdata.org^[2] the state has licensed child care available to meet just 25 percent of the potential demand. At the same time, child care providers are returning $101 million annually in unspent subsidized child care dollars because they are unable to spend the money on existing need.

This is one of four bills this session that would create pilots to allow the flexible use of child care funding after indications of high reversion rates. If these four bills pass and are signed, it will bring to 13 the number of counties with individual child care pilot projects. Discussions in prior committees about a need for a statewide solution, however one has not emerged.

Members of the Senate Education Committee asked the authors to include additional state oversight in their bills. The oversight language will be taken in this committee.

Staff recommends the following amendment:

EDC 8333.5 (a) The county shall annually prepare and submit to the Legislature, the State Department of Social Services, and the department a report that summarizes the success of the county’s plan, and the county’s ability to maximize the use of funds and to improve and stabilize child care in the county.

(b) A report to be submitted pursuant to subdivision (a) shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code.

(c) The department shall review the report submitted pursuant to subsection (a), along with any applicable programmatic and fiscal compliance records submitted by the contracting agencies participating in the subsidized pilot plan, and shall determine whether to allow the county to continue with the subsidized plan in its current form or whether to require modifications be made to the plan.

PRIOR VOTES

Senate Education Committee: 5 - 0

POSITIONS

Support:

First 5 Contra Costa County (sponsor)

Alameda County Board of Supervisors (Co-Sponsor)

Early Edge California

First 5 Association of California

First 5 California

Sonoma County Board of Supervisors

The Community Child Care Council (4Cs) of Alameda County

The First 5 Contra Costa Children and Families Commission

Oppose:

Child Care Alliance of Los Angeles

-- END --

1. “Analysis of Child Care and Preschool Proposals,” Legislative Analyst’s Office, March 16, 2017 ↑

2. “Availability of Child Care for Potential Demand,” http://www.kidsdata.org/ ↑

SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION

Senator Benjamin Allen, Chair

2017 - 2018 Regular

Bill No: AB 435 Hearing Date: June 21, 2017

Subject: Child care subsidy plans: Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma

NOTE: This bill has been referred to the Committees on Education and Human Services. A "do pass" motion should include referral to the Committee on Human Services.

SUMMARY

This bill modifies Alameda County’s existing authorization to create a subsidized child care pilot program and authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma to establish a seven-year pilot program for purposes of developing and implementing an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties.

BACKGROUND

Existing law:

1. Establishes the Child Care and Development Services Act to provide child care and development services as part of a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system serving children from birth to 13 years old and their parents, and including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full-and part-time programs. (Education Code Section (EC) § 8200 et seq.)
2. Defines "child care and development services" to mean services designed to meet a wide variety of children's and families' needs while parents and guardians are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. (EC § 8208)
3. States the intent of the Legislature that all families have access to child care and development services, through resource and referral where appropriate, and regardless of demographic background or special needs, and that families are provided the opportunity to attain financial stability through employment, while maximizing growth and development of their children, and enhancing their parenting skills through participation in child care and development programs. (EC § 8202)
4. Establishes several programs providing subsidized child care and development services that serve low-income families who are working, seeking work, in training, or providing community service. These programs are administered by the California Department of Education (CDE) and require the Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI) to adopt rules and regulations on eligibility, enrollment, family fees, provider rates, and priority services. (EC § 8235 and 8263)
5. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to administer general child care and development programs to include, among other things as specified, age-and developmentally-appropriate activities, supervision, parenting education and involvement, and nutrition. Further allows such programs to be designed to meet child-related needs identified by parents or guardians, as specified. (EC § 8240 and 8241)
6. To allow for maximum parental choice authorizes the operation of Alternative Payment Programs (APPs) and provision of alternative payments and support services to parents and child care providers by local government agencies or non-profit organizations that contract with CDE. (EC § 8220)
7. Establishes rules and requirements for APPs and providers, as contracted agencies with CDE, to observe, including but not limited to accounting and auditing requirements, attendance monitoring requirements, referral requirements where applicable, and reimbursement and payment procedures. (EC § 8220 et seq.)
8. Requires the Superintendent to establish a family fee schedule for subsidized child care, as specified, contingent on income and subject to a cap. (EC § 8273)
9. Establishes the San Mateo County, San Francisco, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. (EC § 8347 et seq., 8335 et seq., 8340 et seq., and 8332 et seq.)

ANALYSIS

This bill:

Authorization for Counties of Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma

1. Authorizes the Counties of Contra Costa Marin and Sonoma to establish a seven-year pilot program through the development of an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties that include all of the following:
   1. An assessment to identify the county’s goal for its subsidized child care system as described.
   2. A local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county’s achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care. This bill requires that local policy, among other things, to supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard only to the following factors:
      1. Eligibility criteria, including, but not limited to, age, family size, time

limits income level, and special needs considerations.

• • 1. Fees, including, but not limited to, families fees, sliding scale fees,

and copayments for those families.

• • 1. Reimbursement rates.
    2. Families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool

programs services, may be eligible for up to two 180 day periods within a 24 month period without the family being certified as a new enrollment each year.

• 1. Recognition that all funding sources utilized by contracts that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county’s plan.
  2. Establishment of measurable outcomes to evaluate the success of the plan to achieve the county’s child care goals and overcome any barriers identified in the state’s child care subsidy system.
  3. States that the plan, and requirements regarding it, shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.

1. Requires that the plan be submitted to the specified local planning council for approval and upon approval the county board of supervisors is required to do all of the following:
   1. Hold at least one public hearing on the plan.
   2. Submit an approved plan to the California Department of Education’s

(CDE) Early Education and Support Division (EESD) for review provided

that the board votes in its favor.

1. Requires the EESD to review and either approve or disapprove any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it. Specifies that the EESD may only disapprove those portions of the plan that are not in conformance with the provisions of this or that are in conflict with federal law.
2. Requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to demonstrate an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 fiscal year.
3. Requires a participating contractor to receive any increases or decreases in funding that the contractor would have received had the contract not participated in the plan.
4. Makes various legislative findings and declarations related to the unique circumstances in the Counties of Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma that condition a special law including due to the high-cost of living in those counties.
5. States legislative intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system.
6. Defines various terms for the purpose of this bill.
7. Sunsets the provisions of this bill related to the Counties of Contra, Costa, Marin and Sonoma on January 1, 2025.

Changes to the County of Alameda’s existing pilot program

1. Deletes the requirement that an agency authorized to apply to the California Department of Education (CDE) to amend its existing contract in order to benefit from Alameda County’s local policy to either provide direct services or contracts with licensed provides or centers.
2. Authorizes the Alameda County’s local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in-part day California state preschool program services to be ominously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified.
3. Broadens language regarding funding sources that are eligible to be included in the Alameda County’s plan to include funding sources utilized by all contractors that provide child care development services in the county.
4. Specifies that the local policy developed by Alameda County ensure that families qualifying for California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKS) stages two and three child care are provided the same or higher level of benefit as families that qualify for other subsidized child care programs.

STAFF COMMENTS

1. Need for the bill. According to the author, “the statewide care subsidy system has a single income eligibility criteria, reimbursement and fund restriction. This presents major programs for children, working families and providers in counties where the cost of living is well beyond the state median.” First 5 California notes that, “the cost of doing business in Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma Counties is high. Families who earn just enough to meeting housing costs are deemed ineligible for subsidized child care. Unable to cover programming and operational costs, and therefore close or stop serving children who qualify for the subsidy. Together these counties return approximately $3.9 million of allocated funds for Title 5 state subsidized child care to the state for fiscal year, which was intended to keep child care facilities open and serve families.”

This bill seeks to provide Counties of Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma limited local flexibility to assess and address local conditions of working families in the county through a child care subsidy pilot plan. The bill additionally makes changes to the County of Alameda’s existing program authorization to include Alternative Payment Programs and ensure all California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKS) families may participate in the flexible eligibility criteria provided under the local policy.

1. Local policy supersedes state law. The bill provides that the adopted local policy may supersede state law concerning child care subsidy programs with regard to eligibility criteria, fees, reimbursement rates and methods of maximizing efficient use of subsidy funds. Because the details of the policy will be developed as part of a local planning process, the bill does not specify these new criteria. The only state approval of the plan is with the Early Education and Support Division of the California Department of Education (CDE).
2. State subsidized child care. Families may be eligible for state and federally subsidized child care through participation in CalWORKs or based on income and need for child care services, including state preschool. Income eligibility for families that are not current recipients of CalWORKs is established at 70 percent of the state median income as calculated in 2007-2008 ($42,216 for a family of three) or if they are recipients of child protective services and if they can show need for child care services.

The state’s subsidized child care and development services are delivered to eligible families through two categories of providers, providers with a direct service contract with the CDE (licensed Title 5 programs) and Title 22 (Alternative Payment Programs/vouchers) licensed and licensed-exempt general child care providers. Title 5 child care providers must meet education and training standards that exceed those of Title 22 child care providers (licensed and license-exempt), as well as provide an educational component. Existing law specifies that children are eligible for subsidized child care if the family currently receives aid, meets specified income eligibility requirements, is homeless, or if the child is the recipient of protective services, or has been identified as neglected, abused or exploited (or at risk of such). In addition, the family must be in need of the child care services due to specified social service circumstances, employment training, or other specified needs.

1. Provider reimbursement rates. California has established two methodologies for determining the reimbursement rates for child care and development services:
   1. The Regional Market Rate (RMR). Title 22 providers are reimbursed at the RMR. The RMR is determined by the RMR survey and varies depending on the geographical location of the provider. The RMR is based on a survey of licensed centers and family child care homes measuring child care rates of similar socioeconomic conditions. Rate ceilings are established for each county according to estimates of the 75th percentile of rates for the various types of child care settings. The county rate ceilings are differentiated by the age of the child (infant, preschool, school age), full-day or part-day care, and frequency of care (days per week). Families may choose a child care provider that charges a rate above the RMR, but the provider would only be reimbursed at the RMR. Current law requires the RMR survey to be updated every two years. The RMR is currently set to the 75^th percentile of the 2014 a) the Regional Market Rate (RMR) survey, thereby providing a lower rate than if based on the most recent survey. This formula is an attempt to ensure that low-income families can receive similar levels of child care service as higher-income families in the same region.
   2. Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR). Title 5 providers (General Child Care, Migrant Child Care and State Preschool) are reimbursed at the Standard Reimbursement Rate, which is a specific rate established in statute. Child care and development providers that contract directly with the California Department of Education (CDE) must meet Title 5 requirements in addition to those of Title 22 (have units in Early Childhood Education, provide an educational component for child care). Title 5 programs contract with, and receive payments directly from, CDE. These programs receive the same reimbursement rate (depending on the age of the child), no matter where in the state the program is located. Since January 1, 2017, the SRR is $42.12 per child per day of enrollment.

Many in the field argue that provider reimbursement rates do not keep pace with the actual cost-of-living and reimbursements are insufficient to cover the cost of care and services particularly in counties where the cost-of-living is well beyond the state median.

1. Forgone savings in each county. This bill would not result in additional state costs. This bill would allow Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties to retain unspent child care funds that otherwise would revert to the General Fund. As demonstrated by the existing bay area pilot projects, providing the higher reimbursement rates or child care slots to children from families with higher income, within existing funds, is possible by using unspent funds that would otherwise be returned to the state. Reverted funds result in “savings” to the state but would also result in fewer children served through subsidized child care in that particular county.

According to the Assembly Appropriations Committee fiscal impact statement, “approximately $5.3 million in subsidized child care funds was returned to the state by these three counties. That funding is a combination of GF, Prop 98 funding and federal funds. Historically, such reversions have been redistributed for child care purposes in subsequent budget years.”

1. Is this the appropriate remedy? Concerns have been raised that providing relief to individual counties may delay statewide fixes to the broader system and create unnecessary complexities in the already wide reaching structure. In addition to Counties of Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz, five other counties are seeking a similar authority that would allow each of those counties flexibility to change local policies different than what is permitted under current law. It is likely that in the years to come other counties will follow suit. While allowing counties to preserve funds for child care purposes is reasonable, the issues raised (i.e. single statewide income eligibility criteria, reimbursement and fund restrictions) with regard to the state’s child care subsidy system are not necessarily unique to those counties but impact counties across the state.

The committee may wish to consider all of the following:

• Whether a county by county exemption from state law is the appropriate remedy or whether a comprehensive solution is warranted so that every county in the state may benefit from flexibility for local concerns?
• Whether the legislature should continue to authorize county level pilots thereby enabling a bifurcated child care system where some counties operate under a local plan and others under the state criteria.
• Would a county by county exemption undermine any incentive for a statewide solution to the state’s child care system?
• If the legislature continues to authorize county level pilots at which point should they be brought to scale, if at all?
• Is the county level model feasible for all counties such as those serving a large geographic area (i.e. County of Los Angeles) or a rural county that may not have the infrastructure to administer its own plan?

1. Related budget activity. Budget trailer bill AB 99 (Ting, et. al. 2017) proposes a series of changes in child care and early education to increase flexibility with programs and increase provider reimbursement rates. Among other things, these changes include the following; 1) updating the state median income for various family sizes; 2) changing the eligibility determination and re-determination requirements for subsidized child care to promote continuity of services for no less than 12 months; 3) raising the regional market rate ceiling the 75th percentile of the 2016 regional market rate survey; and 4) increasing the standard reimbursement rate to reflect increased costs to providers resulting from increases in the state minimum wage.

The committee may wish to consider whether to authorize additional county level plans prior to implementation of the changes proposed for child care and early education in AB 99 (Ting, et. al., 2017).

1. Existing county-level child care subsidy plans. Current law has authorized four Bay Area pilot projects in recognition of the high-cost of living in those counties. AB 1326 (Simitian), Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003, established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project and SB 701 (Migden), Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005, established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project. Both pilots were developed to address two significant issues facing subsidized child care in high-cost counties: 1) that low-income families earning just enough to afford housing in a high-cost area may be deemed to earn too much to qualify for assistance with child care by statewide eligibility standards, and 2) that the statewide Standard Reimbursement Rate paid to contracted child care centers and family child care homes is often not sufficient to cover program costs and overhead, particularly in high-cost areas. Both counties would see a portion of their child care subsidy funds go unused as low-income families failed to qualify for eligibility by uniform statewide criteria, and as provider reimbursement rates made offering subsidized care untenable for some providers.

San Mateo County’s and San Francisco’s pilot programs, still in operation today, offer them the limited local flexibility to revise eligibility rules and adjust provider rates and family fees within the context of local evaluation and assessment and heightened state oversight. Thus, the counties are able to reinvest otherwise-unused funds through increased reimbursement rates. Both San Mateo County and San Francisco are also allowed flexibility regarding eligibility rules. San Mateo County and San Francisco currently set their income eligibility thresholds at 85 percent of the current state median income, compared to 70 percent as the state does.

Both the San Mateo County and San Francisco pilot programs have shown success in meeting several of their identified goals; while San Francisco’s pilot initially met with some challenges, it was reviewed and adjusted, and “Pilot 2.0” has also shown success in meeting goals.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015, with the passage of AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015. The plan was developed over the course of a year, and was approved by the California Department of Education in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year; its local planning council very recently approved the plan.

1. Related legislation.

AB 258 (Arambula, 2017) would authorize the County of Fresno to establish a 7-year pilot program for purposes of developing and implementing an individualized county child care subsidy plan that meets the particular needs of families in those counties. It is currently set to be heard in Senate Education Committee on June 21, 2017.

AB 300 (Caballero, 2017) would establish the Monterey County, San Benito County, and Santa Cruz County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025, and would make changes to Santa Clara County’s subsidized child care pilot program. It is currently set to be heard in Senate Education Committee on June 21, 2017.

AB 377 (Frazier, 2017), would establish the San Diego County and Solano County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025. It is currently set to be heard in the Senate Education Committee on June 21, 2017.

SUPPORT

Alameda County Board of Supervisor

Bay Area Hispano Institute for Advancement

Cambridge Community Center

Children Now

Concord Child Care Center, Inc.,

Contra Costa County

Contra Costa County Office of Education

County of Sonoma Commission on the Status of Women

Early Edge California

First 5 Association of California

First 5 California

First 5 Contra Costa Child and Families Commission

Frist 5 Marin Children and Families Commission

Local Early Education Planning Council of Santa Clara County

Marin County Board of Supervisors

OPPOSITION

California Child Development Administrators Association

Child Care Alliance Los Angeles

-- END --

ASSEMBLY THIRD READING

ATR Bill Id:

Author:(Thurmond)

As Amended Ver:May 2, 2017

Majority vote

SUMMARY: Establishes subsidized child care pilot programs in Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties, and makes changes to Alameda County's subsidized child care pilot program. Specifically, this bill:

1. States Legislative intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system.
2. Deletes language requiring an agency authorized to apply to the California Department of Education (CDE) to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from Alameda County's subsidized child care pilot program local policy to either provide direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers.
3. Authorizes Alameda County's local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be continuously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified.
4. Broadens language regarding funding sources that are eligible to be included in Alameda County's plan to include funding sources utilized by all contractors that provide child care and development services in the county.
5. Specifies that the local policy developed by Alameda County ensure that families qualifying for California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Stages 2 and 3 child care are provided the same or higher level of benefit as families that qualify for other subsidized child care programs, as specified.
6. Permits Contra Costa County, Marin County, and Sonoma County to individually, as pilot projects, develop and implement an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as specified, to include the following:
7. An assessment to identify the county's goal, and barriers to meeting its goals, for its subsidized child care system, as specified'
8. Development of a local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county's achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care, that, among other things, authorizes the local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be continuously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period and ensures that families qualifying for California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Stages 2 and 3 child care are provided the same or higher level of benefit as families that qualify for other subsidized child care programs, as specified'
9. Recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county's plan' and
10. Establishment of measurable outcomes to evaluate the success of the plan to achieve the county's child care goals and to overcome any barriers identified in the state's child care subsidy system.
11. States that the plan, and requirements regarding it, shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.
12. Requires the plan to be submitted to the local planning council, as specified, for approval and, upon approval, requires the board of supervisors of the county to hold at least one public hearing on the plan. Further, requires the plan, should the board vote in favor of it after this hearing, to be submitted to CDE's Early Education and Support Division to review the plan and, within 30 days of receiving it, to approve or disapprove it.
13. Requires the Early Education and Support Division to review and either approve or deny any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it. Further specifies that the Early Education and Support Division may only deny those portions of modifications to the plan that are not in conformance with the provisions of this bill or that are in conflict with federal law.
14. Requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to demonstrate, as specified, an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care in the county as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 Fiscal Year.
15. Requires the county to prepare and submit a report summarizing the success of the county's plan and the county's ability to maximize the use of funds and to improve and stabilize child care in the county to the Legislature, the Department of Social Services (DSS), and CDE each year, as specified.
16. Requires a participating contractor to receive an increase or decrease in funding that the contractor would have received had the contractor not participated in the plan.
17. Repeals the provisions of this bill as of January 1, 2025.
18. Declares Legislative findings that a special law is necessary and that a general law cannot be made applicable because of the unique circumstances in Contra Costa County, Marin County, and Sonoma County, as specified.

EXISTING LAW:

1. Establishes the Child Care and Development Services Act to provide child care and development services as part of a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system serving children from birth to 13 years old and their parents, and including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. (Education Code Section (EDC) 8200 et seq.)
2. Defines "child care and development services" to mean services designed to meet a wide variety of children's and families' needs while parents and guardians are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. (EDC 8208)
3. States the intent of the Legislature that all families have access to child care and development services, through resource and referral where appropriate, and regardless of demographic background or special needs, and that families are provided the opportunity to attain financial stability through employment, while maximizing growth and development of their children, and enhancing their parenting skills through participation in child care and development programs. (EDC 8202)
4. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to administer general child care and development programs to include, among other things as specified, age- and developmentally-appropriate activities, supervision, parenting education and involvement, and nutrition. Further allows such programs to be designed to meet child-related needs identified by parents or guardians, as specified. (EDC 8240 and 8241)
5. To allow for maximum parental choice, authorizes the operation of Alternative Payment Programs (APPs) and provision of alternative payments and support services to parents and child care providers by local government agencies or non-profit organizations that contract with CDE. (EDC 8220)
6. Establishes rules and requirements for APPs and providers, as contracted agencies with CDE, to observe, including but not limited to accounting and auditing requirements, attendance monitoring requirements, referral requirements where applicable, and reimbursement and payment procedures. (EDC 8220 et seq.)
7. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to adopt rules and regulations regarding eligibility, enrollment, and priority of services. (EDC 8263)
8. Requires the Superintendent to adopt rules, regulations, and guidelines to facilitate funding and reimbursement procedures for subsidized child care. (EDC 8269)
9. Requires the Superintendent to establish a family fee schedule for subsidized child care, as specified, contingent on income and subject to a cap. (EDC 8273)
10. Establishes the San Mateo County, San Francisco, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. (EDC 8347 et seq., 8335 et seq., 8340 et seq., and 8332 et seq.)

FISCAL EFFECT: According to the Assembly Appropriations Committee on May 17, 2017, this bill:

1. Would allow Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties to retain unspent child care funds that otherwise would revert to the General Fund.  Approximately $5.3 million in subsidized child care funds was returned to the state by these three counties. That funding is a combination of General Fund, Prop 98 funding and federal funds. Historically, such reversions have been redistributed for child care purposes in subsequent budget years' and
2. May result in costs to the Division in CDE of $390,000 (General Fund) in Fiscal Year 2017-18 and $285,000 (General Fund) ongoing for plan review and approval, including plan modifications for the three counties combined.

COMMENTS:

Child care in Contra Costa County: In Contra County, 6,683 children are served by subsidized child care programs. Close to $3.9 million in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for fiscal year 2015-16. The county reports that, in 2014-15, it lost a contractor equivalent to 300 subsidy slots in East County' additionally, the county reports that over the years, contractors have reduced or increased the number of classrooms based on resources.

Child care in Marin County: In Marin County, 1,435 children are served by subsidized child care programs. $665,092 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Child care in Sonoma County: In Sonoma County, 2,414 children are served by subsidized child care programs. The county estimates that approximately 3,000 children are currently waitlisted for subsidized child care in Sonoma County. $775,870 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Other county pilot programs: AB 1326 (Simitian), Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003, established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project and SB 701 (Migden), Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005, established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project. Both pilots were developed to address two significant issues facing subsidized child care in high-cost counties: 1) that low-income families earning just enough to afford housing in a high-cost area may be deemed to earn too much to qualify for assistance with child care by statewide eligibility standards, and 2) that the statewide Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR) paid to contracted child care centers and family child care homes is often not sufficient to cover program costs and overhead, particularly in high-cost areas. Both counties would see a portion of their child care subsidy funds go unused as low-income families failed to qualify for eligibility by uniform statewide criteria, and as provider reimbursement rates made offering subsidized care untenable for some providers.

San Mateo County's and San Francisco's pilot programs, still in operation today, offer them the limited local flexibility to revise eligibility rules and adjust provider rates and family fees within the context of local evaluation and assessment and heightened state oversight. Thus, the counties are able to reinvest otherwise-unused funds through increased reimbursement rates. Both San Mateo County and San Francisco are also allowed flexibility regarding eligibility rules. San Mateo County and San Francisco currently set their income eligibility thresholds at 85% of the current State Median Income, compared to 70% as the state does. Both the San Mateo County and San Francisco pilot programs have shown success in meeting several of their identified goals' while San Francisco's pilot initially met with some challenges, it was reviewed and adjusted, and "Pilot 2.0" has also shown success in meeting goals.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015, with the passage of AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015. The plan was developed over the course of a year, and was approved by CDE in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year' its local planning council very recently approved the plan.

Need for this bill: According to the author, "Living in a high-cost county means that many families are ineligible for subsidized child care and that provider reimbursement rates are insufficient to cover the cost, as a result, child care subsidy funds allocated to Contra Costa County are not fully utilized or expended. This pilot seeks to address the issue and provide more families with access to child care."

RELATED AND PRIOR LEGISLATION:

AB 258 (Arambula) of the current legislative session, would establish the Fresno County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset 2025. It is currently on the Assembly Floor.

AB 300 (Caballero) of the current legislative session, would establish the Monterey County, San Benito County, and Santa Cruz County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025, and would make changes to Santa Clara County's subsidized child care pilot program. It is currently on the Assembly Floor.

AB 377 (Frazier) of the current legislative session, would establish the San Diego County and Solano County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025. It is currently on the Assembly Floor.

AB 2368 (Gordon), Chapter 574, Statutes of 2016, established the Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2022.

AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015, established the Alameda County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2021.

AB 104 (Assembly Budget Committee), Chapter 13, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the July 1, 2018, sunset on the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy pilot program and removed language referring to the San Francisco plan as a pilot project.

SB 103 (Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee), Chapter 324, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the January 1, 2018, sunset of the San Mateo County child care subsidy plan and related reporting requirements and removed language referring to the San Mateo plan as a pilot project.

AB 260 (Gordon), Chapter 731, Statutes of 2013, extended the sunset dates of the San Francisco and San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plans to 2016 and 2018, respectively.

AB 86 (Budget Committee), Chapter 48, Statutes of 2013, extended the sunset data of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2015.

SB 1016 (Budget and Fiscal Review Committee), Chapter 38, Statutes of 2012, extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2014.

AB 1610 (Budget Committee), Chapter 724, Statutes of 2010, extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2013.

SB 1225 (Yee) of 2010, would have extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2016. It died in the Senate Appropriations Committee.

AB 1304 (Simitian), Chapter 61, Statutes of 2008, extended the sunset data of the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2014.

SB 701 (Migden), Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005, established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2011.

AB 1326 (Simitian), Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003, established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2009.

Analysis Prepared by: Daphne Hunt / HUM. S. / (916) 319-2089 FN: 0000729

Date of Hearing: May 17, 2017

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:AB 435

Author:(Thurmond) – As Amended Ver:May 2, 2017

Urgency: No State Mandated Local Program: No Reimbursable: No

SUMMARY:

This bill establishes subsidized child care pilot programs in Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties, and makes changes to Alameda County’s subsidized child care pilot program. Specifically, this bill:

1. Deletes language requiring an agency authorized to apply to the California Department of Education (CDE) to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from Alameda County’s subsidized child care pilot program local policy to either provide direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers.
2. Authorizes Alameda County’s local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be continuously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified.
3. Broadens language regarding funding sources that are eligible to be included in Alameda County’s plan to include funding sources utilized by all contractors that provide child care and development services in the county.
4. Deletes the provision that allows the Alameda County local policy to supersede state law regarding eligibility criteria for CalWORKS recipients for child care subsidy programs.
5. Permits Contra Costa County, Marin County, and Sonoma County to individually, as pilot projects, develop and implement an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as specified.
6. Requires the plan, once approved locally, to be submitted to CDE’s Early Education and Support Division (Division) to review and either approve or deny any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it.
7. Requires the county to submit a report regarding the success of the county's plan to the Legislature, the Department of Social Services (DSS), and CDE each year, as specified.
8. Repeals the provisions of this bill as of January 1, 2025.

FISCAL EFFECT:

1. This bill would allow Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties to retain unspent child care funds that otherwise would revert to the General Fund.  Approximately $5.3 million in subsidized child care funds was returned to the state by these three counties.  That funding is a combination of GF, Prop 98 funding and federal funds. Historically, such reversions have been redistributed for child care purposes in subsequent budget years.
2. Costs to the Division in CDE of $390,000 (GF) in FY 2017-18 and $285,000 (GF) ongoing for plan review and approval, including plan modifications for the three counties combined.

COMMENTS:

1. Purpose. According to the author, “Living in a high-cost county means that many families are ineligible for subsidized child care and that provider reimbursement rates are insufficient to cover the cost, as a result, child care subsidy funds allocated to the county are not fully utilized or expended. This pilot seeks to address the issue and provide more families with access to child care.”
2. Background. California’s subsidized child care system provides assistance to parents and guardians who are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. This child care is available through a number of programs. Additionally, California offers State Preschool Programs to eligible three-and four-year-olds. Across the various subsidized child care programs, it is estimated there are over 190,000 slots (not including State Preschool). State Preschool contains over 163,000 additional slots.

Families are typically eligible for subsidized child care if their income is less than 70% of the 2007-08 State Median Income (about $42,000 per year for a family of 3), if the parents have a need related to work, training, or education, and if the children are up to 12 years old (or 21 years old for youth with exceptional needs).

Contracted providers are funded through the receipt of the Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR) based on the number of children enrolled and the hours of care provided. Families may also be required to pay a family fee if they earn above a certain threshold income for their family size.

1. Other county pilot programs. Both San Mateo County (2003), and San Francisco (2005), established successful pilots that are now permanent. Both pilots were developed to address two issues facing subsidized child care in high-cost counties: 1) that low-income families earning just enough to afford housing in a high-cost area may earn too much to qualify for child care assistance by statewide eligibility standards, and 2) that the statewide SRR paid to contracted child care centers and family child care homes is often not sufficient to cover program costs and overhead, particularly in high-cost areas. Both counties were seeing a portion of their child care subsidy funds go unused as low-income families failed to qualify for eligibility by uniform statewide criteria, and as provider reimbursement rates made offering subsidized care untenable for some providers.

San Mateo County’s and San Francisco’s pilot programs offer them limited local flexibility to revise eligibility rules and adjust provider rates and family fees within the context of local evaluation and assessment and heightened state oversight. Thus, the counties are able to reinvest otherwise-unused funds through increased reimbursement rates. Both counties are also allowed flexibility regarding eligibility rules, and currently set their income eligibility thresholds at 85% of the current State Median Income, compared to 70% as the state does.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015. The plan was approved by CDE in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year; it is in the approval process.

1. Child care in Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties. All three counties have substantial waiting lists, and, similar to San Mateo and San Francisco prior to their pilot programs, have returned a portion of their subsidized child care funds to the state because they can’t utilize them under the current state guidelines

In Contra County, 6,683 children are served by subsidized child care programs, including 3,253 in State Preschool. Close to $3.9 million in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for fiscal year 2015-16. The county reports that, in 2014-15, it lost a contractor equivalent to 300 subsidy slots in East County.

In Marin County, 1,435 children are served by subsidized child care programs, including 390 in State Preschool. Approximately $665,000 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

In Sonoma County, 2,414 children are served by subsidized child care programs, including 1,466 in State Preschool. The county estimates that approximately 3,000 children are currently waitlisted for subsidized child care in the County. Approximately $776,000 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

1. Arguments in Support. Organizations in support recognize the fiscal realities of living in high-cost counties, and assert that [this bill] allows Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz limited local flexibility to maximize funding and efficiently use child care subsidy funds to serve more children and their working families. They also advocate for statewide eligibility reform, but recognize that this bill adds additional, needed flexibility in counties most impacted by the region’s high cost of providing care.
2. Opposition. Organizations in opposition to the bill worry that the continued establishment of individualized county subsidized child care plans detracts from addressing the greater statewide need for reform.
3. Related Legislation. There are three additional bills before this Committee today that authorize pilot programs in six additional counties that are nearly identical to the pilot in this bill:

AB 258 (Arambula) establishes the Fresno County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset 2025.

AB 377 (Frazier) establishes the San Diego County and Solano County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025.

AB 300 (Caballero) establishes the Monterey County, San Benito County, and Santa Cruz County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025, and makes changes to Santa Clara County’s subsidized child care pilot program.

AB 60 (Santiago) changes eligibility determination and redetermination for subsidized child care statewide. This bill, also before this Committee today, provides a statewide approach to the issues being addressed in the proposed pilots.

AB 26 (Caballero) requires CDE to establish and administer a pilot program to support license-exempt child care providers in Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz Counties. This bill is also before this Committee today.

1. Selected Prior Legislation. AB 2368 (Gordon), Chapter 574, Statutes of 2016, established the Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2022.

AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015, established the Alameda County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2021.

AB 104 (Assembly Committee on Budget), Chapter 13, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the July 1, 2018, sunset on the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy pilot program.

SB 103 (Senate Committee on Budget and Fiscal Review), Chapter 324, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the January 1, 2018, sunset of the San Mateo County child care subsidy plan.

Analysis Prepared by: Jennifer Swenson / APPR. / (916) 319-2081

Date of Hearing: April 25, 2017

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON HUMAN SERVICES

Blanca Rubio, Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:AB 435 (

Author:Thurmond) – As Amended Ver:April 17, 2017

SUBJECT: Child care subsidy plans: Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma

SUMMARY: Establishes subsidized child care pilot programs in Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties, and makes changes to Alameda County’s subsidized child care pilot program.

Specifically, this bill:

1. States Legislative intent to build a stable, comprehensive, and adequately funded high-quality early learning and educational support system.
2. Deletes language requiring an agency authorized to apply to the California Department of Education (CDE) to amend existing contracts in order to benefit from Alameda County’s subsidized child care pilot program local policy to either provide direct services or contracts with licensed providers or centers.
3. Authorizes Alameda County’s local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be continuously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified.
4. Broadens language regarding funding sources that are eligible to be included in Alameda County’s plan to include funding sources utilized by all contractors that provide child care and development services in the county.
5. Permits Contra Costa County, Marin County, and Sonoma County to individually, as pilot projects, develop and implement an individualized county child care subsidy plan, as specified, to include the following:
6. An assessment to identify the county's goal, and barriers to meeting its goals, for its subsidized child care system, as specified;
7. Development of a local policy to eliminate state-imposed regulatory barriers to the county's achievement of its desired outcomes for subsidized child care, including authorizing the local policy to supersede state law in order to allow families with children enrolled in part-day California state preschool program services to be continuously eligible for up to two 180-day periods within a 24-month period, as specified;
8. Recognition that all funding sources utilized by contractors that provide child care and development services in the county are eligible to be included in the county's plan; and
9. Establishment of measurable outcomes to evaluate the success of the plan to achieve the county's child care goals and to overcome any barriers identified in the state's child care subsidy system.
10. States that the plan, and requirements regarding it, shall not be construed to permit the county to change the regional market rate survey results for the county.
11. Requires the plan to be submitted to the local planning council, as specified, for approval and, upon approval, requires the board of supervisors of the county to hold at least one public hearing on the plan. Further, requires the plan, should the board vote in favor of it after this hearing, to be submitted to CDE's Early Education and Support Division to review the plan and, within 30 days of receiving it, to approve or disapprove it.
12. Requires the Early Education and Support Division to review and either approve or deny any modification of the plan within 30 days of receiving it. Further specifies that the Early Education and Support Division may only deny those portions of modifications to the plan that are not in conformance with the provisions of this bill or that are in conflict with federal law.
13. Requires the county, by the end of the first fiscal year of operation under the approved child care subsidy plan, to demonstrate, as specified, an increase in the aggregate days a child is enrolled in child care in the county as compared to the enrollment in the final quarter of the 2016-17 Fiscal Year.
14. Requires the county to prepare and submit a report summarizing the success of the county's plan and the county’s ability to maximize the use of funds and to improve and stabilize child care in the county to the Legislature, the Department of Social Services (DSS), and CDE each year, as specified.
15. Requires a participating contractor to receive an increase or decrease in funding that the contractor would have received had the contractor not participated in the plan.
16. Repeals the provisions of this bill as of January 1, 2023.
17. Declares Legislative findings that a special law is necessary and that a general law cannot be made applicable because of the unique circumstances in Contra Costa County, Marin County, and Sonoma County, as specified.

EXISTING LAW:

1. Establishes the Child Care and Development Services Act to provide child care and development services as part of a coordinated, comprehensive, and cost-effective system serving children from birth to 13 years old and their parents, and including a full range of supervision, health, and support services through full- and part-time programs. (EDC 8200 et seq.)
2. Defines “child care and development services” to mean services designed to meet a wide variety of children’s and families’ needs while parents and guardians are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. (EDC 8208)
3. States the intent of the Legislature that all families have access to child care and development services, through resource and referral where appropriate, and regardless of demographic background or special needs, and that families are provided the opportunity to attain financial stability through employment, while maximizing growth and development of their children, and enhancing their parenting skills through participation in child care and development programs. (EDC 8202)
4. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to administer general child care and development programs to include, among other things as specified, age- and developmentally-appropriate activities, supervision, parenting education and involvement, and nutrition. Further allows such programs to be designed to meet child-related needs identified by parents or guardians, as specified. (EDC 8240 and 8241)
5. To allow for maximum parental choice, authorizes the operation of Alternative Payment Programs (APPs) and provision of alternative payments and support services to parents and child care providers by local government agencies or non-profit organizations that contract with CDE. (EDC 8220)
6. Establishes rules and requirements for APPs and providers, as contracted agencies with CDE, to observe, including but not limited to accounting and auditing requirements, attendance monitoring requirements, referral requirements where applicable, and reimbursement and payment procedures. (EDC 8220 et seq.)
7. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to adopt rules and regulations regarding eligibility, enrollment, and priority of services. (EDC 8263)
8. Requires the Superintendent to adopt rules, regulations, and guidelines to facilitate funding and reimbursement procedures for subsidized child care. (EDC 8269)
9. Requires the Superintendent to establish a family fee schedule for subsidized child care, as specified, contingent on income and subject to a cap. (EDC 8273)
10. Establishes the San Mateo County, San Francisco, Alameda County, and Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects. (EDC 8347 et seq., 8335 et seq., 8340 et seq., and 8332 et seq.)

FISCAL EFFECT: Unknown.

COMMENTS:

Subsidized child care: California’s subsidized child care system is designed to provide assistance to parents and guardians who are working, in training, seeking employment, incapacitated, or in need of respite. This child care is available through a number of programs; additionally, California offers State Preschool Programs to eligible three-and four-year-olds.

Parents participating in the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) program, as well as families transitioning off of and no longer receiving CalWORKs aid, can be eligible for child care, which is offered in three “stages.” DSS administers Stage 1, and CDE administers Stages 2 and 3. CDE also administers non-CalWORKs child care. The largest programs are: General Child Care, which includes contracted centers and family child care homes; the California State Preschool Program, which provides developmentally, culturally, and linguistically appropriate curriculum to eligible three- and four-year olds; and APPs, which provide vouchers that can be used to obtain child care in a center, family child care home, or from a license-exempt provider. Waitlists for non-CalWORKs child care are common.

Contracted providers are funded through the receipt of the Standard Reimbursement Rate (SRR) based on the number of children enrolled and the hours of care provided. Families may also be required to pay a family fee if they earn above a certain threshold income for their family size. The SRR for general child care programs adopted in the Budget Act of 2016 (SB 826 [Leno], Chapter 23, Statutes of 2016) was $42.12 per child per full day of care, effective January 1, 2017; however, due to challenges with implementing two rates in the same contract year, CDE adopted a policy to average the approved rate ($38.29) and the adjusted rate ($42.12) into a blended rate ($40.20), until July 1, 2017, when the adjusted rate of $42.12 will be utilized for the entire year. Additionally, adjustment factors are applied to the SRR in some instances to reflect the increased cost of care for the different ages and needs of children.

The Regional Market Rate (RMR) survey calculates the market rates for child care in each of California’s 58 counties and uses these to establish maximum child care reimbursement rates for child care services for families in various APPs or other voucher child care programs. States are required to conduct a market rate survey every two years, but are not currently required to use the most recent survey to set rates. Reimbursement rates for licensed providers accepting vouchers are currently derived by selecting the higher of the following: 1) the 75^th percentile of the 2014 RMR survey, or 2) the RMR ceilings as they existed prior to 2017. (As of July 1, 2018, the RMR for licensed providers will be set at the 75^th percentile of the 2014 RMR survey.) License-exempt providers are reimbursed at 70% of the Family Child Care Home ceilings. In Los Angeles County, for example, the full-time daily RMR for a preschool-age child in a child care center is $64.21. For that same child in a family child care home, the RMR is $50.44, and with a license-exempt provider, the RMR is $35.31.

Families are typically eligible for subsidized child care if their income is less than 70% of the 2007-08 State Median Income (about $42,000 per year for a family of 3), if the parents have a need related to work, training, or education, and if the children are up to 12 years old (or 21 years old for youth with exceptional needs). The following table shows current income ceilings by family size:

(Source: California Department of Education)

The Superintendent of Public Instruction is required to establish a fee schedule whereby families may be charged a “family fee” depending on their income. For a family of 3, for example, subsidized child care remains at no cost for families earning less than $1,950 per month. However, with incomes between $1,950 a month and the monthly income ceiling of $3,518, a family fee is charged, the amount of which increases with income, but never to surpass 10% of a family’s income. For a family of three with a monthly income of $1,950, the family fee per month for full-time care is $42; for a family of three earning $3,518 per month, this fee is $345.

Across the various subsidized child care programs, there are estimated to be over 190,000 slots (not including State Preschool). State Preschool contains over 163,000 additional slots.

Child care in Contra Costa County: In Contra County, 6,683 children are served by subsidized child care programs, with enrollment across programs broken out as follows:

Alternative Payment Programs: 617

CalWORKs Stage 1: 515

CalWORKs Stages 2 and 3: 1,738

General Child Care: 560

State Preschool: 3,253

Close to $3.9 million in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for fiscal year 2015-16. The county reports that, in 2014-15, it lost a contractor equivalent to 300 subsidy slots in East County; additionally, the county reports that over the years, contractors have reduced or increased the number of classrooms based on resources.

Child care in Marin County: In Marin County, 1,435 children are served by subsidized child care programs, with enrollment across programs broken out as follows (the numbers provided by the county do not total to 1,435):

Alternative Payment Programs: 75

CalWORKs Stage 1: 177

CalWORKs Stage 2: 103

CalWORKs Stage 3: 138

General Child Care: 383

State Preschool: 390

$665,092 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Child care in Sonoma County: In Sonoma County, 2,414 children are served by subsidized child care programs, with enrollment across programs broken out as follows:

Alternative Payment Programs,

CalWORKs Stages 2 and 3,

General Child Care 789

CalWORKs Stage 1: 159

State Preschool: 1,466

The county estimates that approximately 3,000 children are currently waitlisted for subsidized child care in Sonoma County. $775,870 in subsidized child care funds were returned to the state for Fiscal Year 2015-16.

Other county pilot programs: AB 1326 (Simitian), Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003, established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project and SB 701 (Migden), Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005, established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project. Both pilots were developed to address two significant issues facing subsidized child care in high-cost counties: 1) that low-income families earning just enough to afford housing in a high-cost area may be deemed to earn too much to qualify for assistance with child care by statewide eligibility standards, and 2) that the statewide SRR paid to contracted child care centers and family child care homes is often not sufficient to cover program costs and overhead, particularly in high-cost areas. Both counties would see a portion of their child care subsidy funds go unused as low-income families failed to qualify for eligibility by uniform statewide criteria, and as provider reimbursement rates made offering subsidized care untenable for some providers.

San Mateo County’s and San Francisco’s pilot programs, still in operation today, offer them the limited local flexibility to revise eligibility rules and adjust provider rates and family fees within the context of local evaluation and assessment and heightened state oversight. Thus, the counties are able to reinvest otherwise-unused funds through increased reimbursement rates. Both San Mateo County and San Francisco are also allowed flexibility regarding eligibility rules. San Mateo County and San Francisco currently set their income eligibility thresholds at 85% of the current State Median Income, compared to 70% as the state does.

Both the San Mateo County and San Francisco pilot programs have shown success in meeting several of their identified goals; while San Francisco’s pilot initially met with some challenges, it was reviewed and adjusted, and “Pilot 2.0” has also shown success in meeting goals.

Alameda County recently adopted its own individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project in 2015, with the passage of AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015. The plan was developed over the course of a year, and was approved by CDE in October 2016. Santa Clara County also adopted an individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project last year; its local planning council very recently approved the plan, and now it awaits public hearing by the board of supervisors on April 25^th.

Need for this bill: According to the author, “Living in a high-cost county means that many families are ineligible for subsidized child care and that provider reimbursement rates are insufficient to cover the cost, as a result, child care subsidy funds allocated to Contra Costa County are not fully utilized or expended. This pilot seeks to address the issue and provide more families with access to child care.”

Writing in support, the First 5 Association of California states:

“The cost of doing business in these counties is high. Families who earn just enough to meet housing costs are deemed ineligible for subsidized child care. Agencies that receive state reimbursement rates to provide child care are unable to cover programming and operational costs, and therefore close or stop serving children who qualify for the subsidy. Together, these counties returned approximately $3.9 million of allocated funds for Title 5 state subsidized child care to the state for fiscal year 2014-15, which was intended to keep child care facilities open and serve families.

[This bill] would offer Contra Costa, Marin and Sonoma Counties local flexibility with their state allocations to ensure that more child care centers keep their doors open, and continue to serve our most vulnerable children. Each county would develop a subsidized child care pilot plan, which would allow flexibility in family and child eligibility, reimbursement rates, family fees and other methods of maximizing the efficient use of subsidy dollars. [This bill] does not take funds away from other counties or increase state costs. San Francisco and San Mateo implemented similar reforms at the local level several years ago, which led to increased children served and stabilized child care providers in those high-cost regions.

While we advocate for statewide eligibility reform, [this bill] adds additional, needed flexibility in counties most impacted by the region’s high cost of providing care. [This bill] is a pragmatic approach to stretch already allocated child care dollars to serve the most families in need.”

Opposition: Organizations writing in opposition to the bill raise two main sets of concerns: one, that the continued establishment of individualized county subsidized child care plans detracts from addressing the greater statewide need for reform; and two, that, left unaddressed, potential exists for inequitable treatment of families receiving child care through CalWORKs.

Regarding this first concern, the Child Care Alliance of Los Angeles states:

“While we appreciate the efforts and intention of our colleagues in these counties and the work they are doing to maximize services within the existing child care subsidy system, we must express our grave concerns. While providing some relief at the specific county level, these pilots do nothing to fix the systemwide issues which hamper the effectiveness of these programs throughout the state. In fact, from our perspective, they delay the fixes to the broader system and create unnecessary complexities in the already wide reaching system.

California’s child care subsidy system is in dire need of statewide updating of both family eligibility levels…and increases to provider reimbursement rates which reflect the cost of care throughout California.

We believe it is critical to address the full system for all California children and families, rather than working county by county on pilot solutions. It is our assessment that the pilot concept is not an effective approach for most California counties, particularly large complex counties like Los Angeles where a pilot is not practical to administer and small rural counties who do not have the infrastructure to administer such a pilot.”

Regarding the treatment of families participating in CalWORKs, the Child Care Law Center states:

“The proposed legislation would create insurmountable problems for CalWORKs families by:

1. Establishing inconsistent family eligibility requirements that would depend on what child care ‘door’ you entered;
2. Encouraging discrimination against families who receive CalWORKs child care. Child care providers, especially good quality providers who invest more in their programs and have higher costs, may be more inclined to accept families with non-CalWORKs vouchers because they can rely on more stable reimbursement from those families. Pilot families will meet the income requirements for longer and benefit from longer eligibility periods. Moreover, child care providers will get paid a higher reimbursement rate to care for the non-CalWORKs children;
3. Subverting the intent of the CalWORKs program to help parents achieve self-sufficiency by consigning them to stay in the lowest paid jobs and refusing job promotions in order to remain eligible for essential child care.”

Staff comments: Access to child care is crucial for working families. This bill’s goal of enabling Contra Costa, Marin, and Sonoma Counties to better serve their low-income working families in obtaining and maintaining subsidized child care is an important one. However, the issues faced by the nine counties seeking to establish their own individualized county child care subsidy plans this year are not anomalous to those counties, nor to the four counties which currently have such plans. Families and child care programs across the state struggle with the state’s outdated eligibility standards and provider rates that have not kept pace with the cost of living.

Whereas two counties established pilots (that have since become permanent) 14 years ago (San Mateo) and 12 years ago (San Francisco) in order to address the fact that the cost of living in those counties was disproportionately high compared to other counties in the state, today, the impetus behind establishing pilots is, seemingly, not so much about addressing county-to-county disparities as it is about confronting state-level inaction in serving the subsidized child care needs across California. Arguably, such a piece-meal approach does not best serve the interests of California’s families, as they may face varying chances of access to and affordability of child care depending on which of the 58 counties they happen to reside in.

Related, families may face unequal treatment, as described by some opponents of this bill, depending on which system they try to access subsidized child care through. Parents participating in CalWORKs face a four-year lifetime limit during which to participate in the program and engage in their welfare-to-work plan activities of securing education, training, and/or employment with the goal of eventually achieving self-sufficiency for themselves and their families. These families should not be disadvantaged because of their entry-point into subsidized child care, but should instead be supported alongside the state’s other working families.

Recommended amendments: In order to ensure that all individualized county subsidized child care plans must offer families participating in CalWORKs Stage 2 and Stage 3 child care the same treatment and benefits as families accessing other types of subsidized child care, committee staff recommends the following amendments:

1. Insert the following, beginning on line 32 of page 4 of the bill:

30

(ii) Follow the family fee schedule established pursuant to

31

Section 8263 for those families that are income eligible, as defined

32

by Section 8263.1., and provide the exemptions from family fees specified in Section 8273.1.

1. Insert the following after line 5 of page 5 of the bill:

3

(III) The contract of a department contractor who that does not

4

elect to request an amendment to its contract remains operative

5

and enforceable.

(vi) Include all families who qualify for CalWORKs Stage 2 or Stage 3 child care services, and treat them for the purposes of eligibility, fees and reimbursement in at least the same manner as families who qualify for subsidized child care on another basis pursuant to the local policy, except as provided in Education Code Title 1, Division 1, Article 15.5, Child Care for Recipients of the CalWORKs Program. Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to impact or reduce any existing elements of CalWORKs Stage 2 or Stage 3 child care that provide greater benefit to participating families than those elements contained in a county’s local policy.

1. Make the following amendments beginning on line 9 of page 5 of the bill:

6

(C) The local policy may supersede state law concerning child

7

care subsidy programs with regard only to the following factors:

8

(i) Eligibility criteria, including, but not limited to, age, family

9

size, time limits, income level, inclusion of former and current

10

CalWORKs participants, and special needs considerations, except

11

that the local policy shall not deny or reduce eligibility of a family

12

that qualifies for child care pursuant to Section 8353. Under the

13

local policy, a family that qualifies for child care pursuant to

14

Section 8354 shall be treated for purposes of eligibility and fees

15

in the same manner as a family that qualifies for subsidized child

16

care on another basis pursuant to the local policy.

1. Insert the following, beginning on line 40 of page 7 of the bill:

38

(ii) Follow the family fee schedule established pursuant to

39

Section 8273 for those families that are income eligible, as defined

40

by Section 8263.1., and provide the exemptions from family fees specified in Section 8273.1.

1. Insert the following after line 14 of page 8 of the bill:

12

(III) The contract of a department contractor who that does not

13

elect to request an amendment to its contract remains operative

14

and enforceable.

(vi) Include all families who qualify for CalWORKs Stage 2 or Stage 3 child care services, and treat them for the purposes of eligibility, fees and reimbursement in at least the same manner as families who qualify for subsidized child care on another basis pursuant to the local policy, except as provided in Education Code Title 1, Division 1, Article 15.5, Child Care for Recipients of the CalWORKs Program. Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to impact or reduce any existing elements of CalWORKs Stage 2 or Stage 3 child care that provide greater benefit to participating families than those elements contained in a county’s local policy.

1. Make the following amendments beginning on line 18 of page 8 of the bill:

15

(C) The local policy may supersede state law concerning child

16

care subsidy programs with regard only to the following factors:

17

(i) Eligibility criteria, including, but not limited to, age, family

18

size, time limits, income level, inclusion of former and current

19

CalWORKs participants, and special needs considerations, except

20

that the local policy shall not deny or reduce eligibility of a family

21

that qualifies for child care pursuant to Section 8353. Under the

22

local policy, a family that qualifies for child care pursuant to

23

Section 8354 shall be treated for purposes of eligibility and fees

24

in the same manner as a family that qualifies for subsidized child

25

care on another basis pursuant to the local policy.

1. Additionally, in order to conform the sunset date of the subsidized child care pilots proposed by this bill with that of similar subsidized child care pilots proposed this year in three separate bills, committee staff recommends the following amendment beginning on line 36 of page 6 of the bill:

36

8333.7.   This article shall remain in effect only until January

37

1, 2023 2025, and as of that date is repealed, unless a later enacted

38

statute, that is enacted before January 1, 2023 2025, deletes or extends

39

that date.

RELATED AND PRIOR LEGISLATION:

AB 258 (Arambula), 2017, would establish the Fresno County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset 2025. It is currently set to be heard in the Assembly Human Services Committee on April 25, 2017.

AB 300 (Caballero), 2017, would establish the Monterey County, San Benito County, and Santa Cruz County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025, and would make changes to Santa Clara County’s subsidized child care pilot program. It is currently set to be heard in the Assembly Human Services Committee on April 25, 2017.

AB 377 (Frazier), 2017, would establish the San Diego County and Solano County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot projects, to sunset 2025. It is currently set to be heard in the Assembly Human Services Committee on April 25, 2017.

AB 2368 (Gordon), Chapter 574, Statutes of 2016, established the Santa Clara County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2022.

AB 833 (Bonta), Chapter 563, Statutes of 2015, established the Alameda County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2021.

AB 104 (Assembly Committee on Budget), Chapter 13, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the July 1, 2018, sunset on the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy pilot program and removed language referring to the San Francisco plan as a pilot project.

SB 103 (Senate Committee on Budget and Fiscal Review), Chapter 324, Statutes of 2015, eliminated the January 1, 2018, sunset of the San Mateo County child care subsidy plan and related reporting requirements and removed language referring to the San Mateo plan as a pilot project.

AB 260 (Gordon), Chapter 731, Statutes of 2013, extended the sunset dates of the San Francisco and San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plans to 2016 and 2018, respectively.

AB 86 (Committee on Budget), Chapter 48, Statutes of 2013, extended the sunset data of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2015.

SB 1016 (Committee on Budget and Fiscal Review), Chapter 38, Statutes of 2012, extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2014.

AB 1610 (Committee on Budget), Chapter 724, Statutes of 2010, extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2013.

SB 1225 (Yee), 2010, would have extended the sunset date of the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2016. It died in the Senate Appropriations Committee.

AB 1304 (Simitian), Chapter 61, Statutes of 2008, extended the sunset data of the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan to 2014.

SB 701 (Migden), Chapter 725, Statutes of 2005, established the San Francisco individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2011.

AB 1326 (Simitian), Chapter 691, Statutes of 2003, established the San Mateo County individualized county child care subsidy plan pilot project, to sunset in 2009.

REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION:

Support

Alameda County Board of Supervisors (Co-sponsors)

Bay Area Council

Bay Area Hispano Institute for Advancement

Brion Economics, Inc.

California Child Care Coordinators Association

Cambridge Community Center

Canal Welcome Center

Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors

County of Sonoma Commission on the Status of Women

Ensuring Opportunity Campaign to End Poverty in Contra Costa

Early Edge California

First 5 Association of California

First 5 Contra Costa

First 5 Marin Children and Families Commission

Healdsburg Unified School District

Local Early Education Planning Council of Santa Clara

Marin Chapter Association for the Education of Young Children (MAEYC)

Marin Indivisible

North Bay Leadership Council

Sonoma County Office of Education

YMCA Central Bay Area

YWCA Contra Costa

7 Individuals

Opposition

Child Care Alliance of Los Angeles

Child Care Law Center

Parent Voices California

Analysis Prepared by: Daphne Hunt / HUM. S. / (916) 806-6157