Existing law establishes the state flag and the states emblems, including, among other things, the poppy as the official state flower, the California redwood as the official state tree, and the California gray whale as the official state marine mammal.

This bill would establish the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state slug.

Existing law establishes the state flag and the states emblems, including, among other things, the poppy as the official state flower, the California redwood as the official state tree, and the California gray whale as the official state marine mammal.

This bill would establish the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state slug.

Existing law establishes the state flag and the states emblems, including, among other things, the poppy as the official state flower, the California redwood as the official state tree, and the California gray whale as the official state marine mammal.

This bill would establish the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state slug.

 THIRD READING  

Bill No: AB 1850

Author: Pellerin (D), et al.

Introduced: 1/17/24

Vote: 21

SENATE GOVERNMENTAL ORG. COMMITTEE: 11-0, 5/28/24

AYES: Dodd, Wilk, Archuleta, Glazer, Jones, Nguyen, Padilla, Portantino, Roth, Seyarto, Smallwood-Cuevas

NO VOTE RECORDED: Alvarado-Gil, Ashby, Bradford, Ochoa Bogh, Rubio

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 73-1, 4/15/24 - See last page for vote

SUBJECT: State slug

SOURCE: Author

DIGEST:

This bill establishes the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state slug.

ANALYSIS:

Existing law establishes the state flag and the state’s emblems, including, among other things, the golden poppy as the official state flower and the California redwood as the official state tree.

This bill establishes the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state slug.

Background

Author Statement. According to the author’s office, “the banana slug (Ariolimax) is an iconic symbol of California’s famed temperate rainforest and an example of the rapid evolution that has made California extremely biologically diverse. Due to its quirky appearance and name, the banana slug is highly popular among both children and adults in California, and even serves as the beloved mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz. Despite the cultural fascination with the banana slug, there is a dearth of academic research into this mollusk which can shed light on the evolutionary history of the state. AB 1850 designates the banana slug as the official state slug of California in order to promote appreciation, education, and research of banana slugs in the state.”

The Banana Slug. Named for its resemblance to the yellow fruit, banana slugs are characterized by their vibrant yellow hue, with some sporting an array of brown spots. When a banana slug needs to split, it can do so at the blistering speed of 6.5 inches per minute. Among the six described species of banana slugs are A. buttoni, A. californicus californicus, A. californicus brachyphallus, A. columbianus, A. dolichophallus, and A. stamineus.

Banana slugs range from Central California to Alaska, and the Pacific banana slug (A. columbianus) can reach 10 inches in length. This makes it the largest land mollusk in North America and the second-largest terrestrial slug in the world. The Pacific banana slug also boasts the unique distinction of being the only species found outside California.

Equipped with four regenerative tentacles, banana slugs sense their surroundings utilizing two tentacles on top of their heads functioning as eyes, and two lower tentacles to feel and smell. To prevent their delicate skin from drying out, banana slugs secrete a layer of mucus, which also helps them glide through the forest. This slime doubles as a defensive mechanism, turning any would-be predator’s tongue numb and making them think twice before considering a slug-snack. However, some animals, like the Pacific Giant Salamander and Northwestern Garter Snake, find banana slugs quite appealing and are unbothered by the mucous or its numbing effect.

As part of nature’s own composting crew (along with the likes of California’s official state mushroom the Golden Chanterelle), banana slugs are detritivores. In this role, they break down plant and animal matter into rich soil. Through their unassuming work, they also contribute to seed dispersal, ensuring the continuation of forest flora.

The banana slug currently serves as the mascot of the University of California (UC) Santa Cruz. Known as Sammy the Banana Slug, this mollusk mascot came to be in the 1980s when, according to UC Santa Cruz’s internet website, “some campus teams wanted more organized yet still low-key competition, UCSC joined Division III of the NCAA in five sports. They had to have an official team name, and student players agreed on the Sea Lions – a choice the chancellor at the time considered more dignified and suitable for serious play than the Banana Slugs. But the wider student body would have none of it, and they continued to root for the Slugs even after a sea lion was painted in the middle of the basketball floor. After five years of dealing with the two-mascot problem, an overwhelming pro-Slug vote by students in 1986 convinced the chancellor to make the humble but adored Banana Slug UCSC’s official mascot.”

Retractable sensory tentacles adorn the head (the upper two detect light; the lower two are touch
and smell/taste sensors. ©MVercoutere.- Retrieved from: friendsofedgewood.org/banana-slug

This bill establishes the entire genus of banana slug as the state symbol. Other plant and animal state symbols have been specific to an individual species. This bill is effectively adopting every species of banana slug as the state symbol. This is not without precedence as California also has four state nuts – almond, pecan, pistachio, and walnut.

California’s Official State Emblems. California is renowned for its diverse landscapes, rich history, global influence, and its industrious and vibrant people. Boasting a unique array of official symbols, the state represents its natural beauty, historical significance, and cultural identity. These symbols serve as reminders for residents and visitors alike, emphasizing the state's distinct identity and the importance of preserving its heritage for future generations. As California continues to evolve and grow, its state emblems are intended to remain steadfast symbols of the state’s past, present, and future.

For example, the golden poppy (Eschscholzia californica) is recognized as the Official State Flower and represents the state’s vibrant landscapes and wildflower fields. Many people believe that laws prohibit cutting or damaging the California poppy because of its designation as the state flower. In fact, there is no law protecting the California poppy, but the designation endears a special appreciation of the flower and perpetuated the myth that no one may pick them. Designated in 1903, it symbolizes the beauty of California’s natural environment.

Additionally, a number of the state’s official emblems lean heavily on California’s Gold Rush history. The official state motto – “Eureka” – is a Greek word that translates to “I have found it.” In the context of California, the motto is closely tied to the California Gold Rush of 1848-1855. Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill in 1848 sparked a massive influx of fortune-seekers who flocked to California to seek wealth and prosperity. Native gold is designated as the official State Mineral and mineralogic emblem. “The Golden State” serves as the official State Nickname and Bodie is the official state gold rush ghost town.

Furthermore, the motto “Eureka” represents the broader concept of innovation and progress that has come to define California over time. California, being at the forefront of technological advancements, scientific research, and cultural shifts, exemplifies the spirit of discovery and the pursuit of the unknown, especially as we enter the Age of Artificial Intelligence.

More recent additions to the list of official state emblems include the pallid bat recognized as the official state bat in 2023 by SB 732 (Menjivar, Chapter 502, Statutes of 2023) and the California Golden Chanterelle as the official state mushroom by AB 261 (Kalra, Chapter 644, Statutes of 2023). California is now represented by 44 state symbols, 40 of which are codified: state amphibian, animal, bat, bird, colors, dance, dinosaur, fabric, flower, flag, folk dance, fossil, gemstone, gold rush ghost town, grass, historical society, insect, LGBTQ veterans memorial, lichen, marine fish, marine mammal, marine reptile, military museum, mineral, motto, mushroom, nickname, nuts, prehistoric artifact, retile, rock, seal, silver rush ghost town, soil, song, sport, tall ship, tartan, tree, and Vietnam veterans memorial.

Almost Official. There have been a number of recent unsuccessful measures proposing to establish various official state emblems. For example, AB 868 (E. Garcia, 2021) proposed to establish the date shake as the official state milkshake. The bill was approved by the Assembly but never heard in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee. AB 1769 (Voepel, 2018) would have established the California Vaquero Horse as the official state horse. The bill was never heard in the Assembly Governmental Organization Committee. SB 73 (Hueso, 2017) would have established the “San Salvador” as the official state ship of exploration, the bill was never heard in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee.

In 2006, Governor Schwarzenegger vetoed AB 1253 (Migden, 2006), which would have established Zinfandel as California’s official state wine—a designation strongly opposed by many in the state’s wine industry. The bill was amended to simply designate Zinfandel as “California’s historic wine,” and eventually vetoed by Governor Schwarzenegger who wrote, “California wines have inspired authors, artists and Oscar-winning motion pictures. Singling one out for special recognition would be inappropriate.”

The importance of state emblems in California, as well as in any other state, lies in their ability to convey the unique identity, values, and history of the region. As such, when proposing new official state emblems, it is crucial to give careful consideration to the emblem's significance to the state and its resonance with both current and future residents. Emblems serve as reminders of the state's heritage and represent the collective consciousness of its people. By recognizing emblems that hold deep meaning and relevance, California can effectively celebrate its past, present, and future, while inspiring residents to appreciate and preserve the state's legacy. It may be important to consider whether there comes a time when designating additional state emblems reaches a point of diminishing returns.

A Slippery Solution for Every Problem? Designating a new state symbol can briefly stir a media response, but may not materially accomplish any policy goal such as supporting habitat, research, or protections for the identified symbol. Further, a February 1, 2024 article in CalMatters titled “A bill for every problem? Why California lawmakers introduce longshots,” cites a 2002 Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO) estimate that “each bill cost at least $18,000 to go from introduction to passage: Each bill is given a title and number, goes through analysis by committee staff and is printed out. An updated dollar figure from the legislative analyst was not available, but adjusting for inflation, each bill costs in the neighborhood of $30,000.” However, the article goes on to note that, “[e]ven Jerry Brown, who famously vetoed a bill with the message, ‘Not every human problem deserves a law,’ signed a majority of those sent to his desk while he was governor.”

This bill is one of three legislative proposals attempting to designate a novel state emblem that the Senate will consider. In addition to the official state slug, AB 1797 (Wood, 2024) seeks to designate the Dungeness crab as the official state crustacean and AB 2504 (Dixon, 2024) would establish the shell of the black abalone as the official state seashell.

Déjà Vu All Over Again. This is not the banana slug’s first foray into California politics. AB 3007 (Sher, 1988) would have similarly named the banana slug the official state mollusk. According to a May 30, 1988 Los Angeles Times article titled “Unhappy Civics Lesson for Youthful Sponsors: Banana Slug Squashed as State Mollusk,” the bill narrowly passed the Assembly in March of 1988, but was, “squashed by the Senate on Friday, despite efforts of banana slug defenders to portray it as a protector of vulnerable seedlings in coastal redwood forests, a hungry consumer of poison oak and a vital link in the ecological chain. The bill failed on an 18-13 vote, three short of the 21-vote majority required in the Senate. However, the Senate agreed to reconsider its action another day.”

The article goes on to state that then-Senator Jim Ellis (R-San Diego) told his colleagues, “[t]his is one of those items that makes you wonder why we are here. It’s embarrassing, really.” Further, UC Santa Cruz alumnus and then-Senator John Doolittle (R-Rocklin) told the Los Angeles Times he “found this thing repulsive as I walked the pathways.” This led to then-Senator Dan McCorquodale (D-San Jose) to claim that he believed that the Senate had “long ago abandoned making decisions ‘based on beauty.’ And, noting that a terrarium near Doolittle’s desk, containing several banana slugs, he asked: ‘Can you imagine how Sen. Doolittle looks to them.’”

However, all hope was not yet lost for the slippery state symbol candidate. Later that year, the Senate narrowly passed the bill on reconsideration by a final vote of 21-15. From there, the resilient rainforest resident landed on the desk of then-Governor George Deukmejian, who ultimately threw salt on the proposal by vetoing the bill and writing:

The mollusk is one of the largest groups of invertebrate animals and includes more than 100,000 different species worldwide. Octopi, squid, clams, oysters, abalone, mussels, scallops, snails, and slugs are all subclasses of the mollusk classification. There are a large number of different mollusk species indigenous to locales in the state, including the pismo clam, the black abalone, the red abalone, the turban shell, the two spotted octopus, common squid and a mussel (mytilus californianus).

The banana slug species ariolimax was first identified near the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon and has been found from Alaska to as far south as the Salinas Valley.

It appears, that to the extent possible, official state items are indigenous to California. Thus, the state fish is the California Golden Trout, the insect is the California Dog-Face Butterfly, the bird is the California Valley Quail and so forth. If there is a need to designate a state mollusk, it would be more appropriate to select one that is indigenous to California and perhaps one that is more representative of the international reputation that California enjoys.

Related/Prior Legislation

AB 1797 (Wood, 2024) would establish the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) as the official state crusteacean. (Pending on the Senate Floor)

AB 2504 (Dixon, 2024) would establish the shell of the black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) as the official state sea shell. (Pending on the Senate Floor)

AB 3118 (Wallis, 2024) would establish solar energy as the official state energy. (Never heard in the Assembly Utilities and Energy Committee)

SB 732 (Menjivar, Chapter 502, Statutes of 2023) established the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) as the official state bat of California.

AB 261 (Kalra, Chapter 644, Statutes of 2023) established the California Golden Chanterelle (Cantharellus californicus) as the official state mushroom.

AB 3007 (Sher, 1988) would have designated the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state mollusk. (Vetoed by Governor Deukmejian)

FISCAL EFFECT: Appropriation: No Fiscal Com.: No Local: No

SUPPORT: (Verified 5/28/24)

County of Santa Cruz

OPPOSITION: (Verified 5/28/24)

None received

ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT: In support of the bill, the County of Santa Cruz writes that, “AB 1850 recognizes the ecological importance of banana slugs in California, emphasizing their role as detritivores, which play a vital part in environmental health by decomposing organic matter and consuming harmful plants such as poison oak and death angel mushrooms. Additionally, with seven distinct species distributed across the state, banana slugs play a crucial role in preserving California’s diverse biological landscape. Their symbiotic relationship with iconic redwood trees underscores their importance in aiding seedling growth by reducing competition from other vegetation. Moreover, the cultural significance of banana slugs is apparent through their adoption as the cherished mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz, and their representation in various forms of popular media.”

ASSEMBLY FLOOR: 73-1, 4/15/24

AYES: Addis, Aguiar-Curry, Alanis, Arambula, Bains, Bauer-Kahan, Bennett, Berman, Boerner, Bonta, Bryan, Calderon, Juan Carrillo, Cervantes, Chen, Connolly, Davies, Dixon, Flora, Mike Fong, Vince Fong, Friedman, Gabriel, Gallagher, Garcia, Gipson, Grayson, Haney, Hart, Holden, Hoover, Irwin, Jackson, Jones-Sawyer, Kalra, Lee, Lowenthal, Maienschein, McCarty, McKinnor, Muratsuchi, Stephanie Nguyen, Ortega, Pacheco, Papan, Jim Patterson, Joe Patterson, Pellerin, Petrie-Norris, Quirk-Silva, Ramos, Rendon, Reyes, Luz Rivas, Rodriguez, Blanca Rubio, Sanchez, Santiago, Schiavo, Soria, Ta, Ting, Valencia, Villapudua, Waldron, Wallis, Ward, Weber, Wicks, Wilson, Wood, Zbur, Robert Rivas

NOES: Lackey

NO VOTE RECORDED: Alvarez, Wendy Carrillo, Megan Dahle, Essayli, Low, Mathis

Prepared by: Brian Duke / G.O. / (916) 651-1530

5/29/24 10:12:12

**** END ****

SENATE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

Senator Bill Dodd

Chair

2023 - 2024 Regular

Bill No: AB Hearing Date: 5/28/2024

SUBJECT:

DIGEST: This bill establishes the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state slug.

ANALYSIS:

Existing law:

1. Establishes the Bear Flag as the State Flag of California, as specified.
2. Establishes the following state emblems:
   1. “Eureka” as the official State Motto.
   2. “The Golden State” as the official State Nickname.
   3. The golden poppy (Eschscholzia californica) as the official State Flower, and April 6^th of each year as California Poppy Day.
   4. West Coast Swing Dance as the official state dance.
   5. “I Love You, California,” a song published in 1913 with lyrics by F.B. Silverwood and music by A.F. Frankenstein, as the official state song.
   6. The California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoia gigantea) as the official state tree.
   7. The almond (Prunus dulcis, Prunus amygdalus), walnut, pistachio, and pecan each as the official state nut.
   8. The California desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) as the official state reptile. The Pacific leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) as the official state marine reptile.
   9. The California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) as the official state amphibian.
   10. The California valley quail (Lophortyx californica) as the official bird and avifaunal emblem of the State.
   11. “The Californian” as the official state tall ship.
   12. Denim as the official state fabric.
   13. Blue and gold as the official colors of the State, as specified.
   14. The official State Tartan is a pattern with green and blue squares, separated by charcoal bands, with gold seams, redwood stripes, and sky blue stripes, created by following a specific thread sequence.
   15. The California dog-face butterfly (Zerene eurdice) as the official State insect.
   16. Lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii) as the official state lichen.
   17. Surfing as the official state sport.
   18. The California Grizzly Bear (Ursus Californicus) as depicted in outline, details, and in colors on the official representation in the custody of the Secretary of State, as the state animal.
   19. Native gold as the official State Mineral and mineralogic emblem.
   20. Serpentine as the official State Rock and lithologic emblem.
   21. Benitoite as the official state gemstone.
   22. The California grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus) as the official state Marine Mammal.
   23. The garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus) as the official state marine fish.
   24. The Augustynolophus morrisi as the official state dinosaur. The saber-toothed cat (Smilodon californicus) as the official state fossil.
   25. The Chipped Stone Bear (bear-shaped eccentric) as the official state prehistoric artifiact.
   26. The San Joaquin Soil as the official soil of California, as specified.
   27. Purple needlegrass, or Nassella pulchra, as the official state grass.
   28. California Golden Chanterelle (Cantharellus californicus) as the official state mushroom.
   29. The pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) as the official state bat.
   30. The LGBTQ Veterans Memorial at the Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City as the official state LGBTQ veterans memorial.
   31. The California Historical Society as the official state historical society.
   32. The California State Military Museum and Resource Center as the official state military museum.
   33. Bodie as the official state gold rush ghost town.
   34. Calico as the official state silver rush ghost town.
   35. The California Vietnam Veterans Memorial as the official state Vietnam veterans war memorial.

This bill establishes the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state slug and includes related legislative findings and declarations.

Background

Author Statement. According to the author’s office, “the banana slug (Ariolimax) is an iconic symbol of California’s famed temperate rainforest and an example of the rapid evolution that has made California extremely biologically diverse. Due to its quirky appearance and name, the banana slug is highly popular among both children and adults in California, and even serves as the beloved mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz. Despite the cultural fascination with the banana slug, there is a dearth of academic research into this mollusk which can shed light on the evolutionary history of the state. AB 1850 designates the banana slug as the official state slug of California in order to promote appreciation, education, and research of banana slugs in the state.”

The Banana Slug. Named for its resemblance to the yellow fruit, banana slugs are characterized by their vibrant yellow hue, with some sporting an array of brown spots. When a banana slug needs to split, it can do so at the blistering speed of 6.5 inches per minute. Among the six described species of banana slugs are A. buttoni, A. californicus californicus, A. californicus brachyphallus, A. columbianus, A. dolichophallus, and A. stamineus.

Banana slugs range from Central California to Alaska, and the Pacific banana slug (A. columbianus) can reach 10 inches in length. This makes it the largest land mollusk in North America and the second-largest terrestrial slug in the world. The Pacific banana slug also boasts the unique distinction of being the only species found outside California.

Equipped with four regenerative tentacles, banana slugs sense their surroundings utilizing two tentacles on top of their heads functioning as eyes, and two lower tentacles to feel and smell. To prevent their delicate skin from drying out, banana slugs secrete a layer of mucus, which also helps them glide through the forest. This slime doubles as a defensive mechanism, turning any would-be predator’s tongue numb and making them think twice before considering a slug-snack. However, some animals, like the Pacific Giant Salamander and Northwestern Garter Snake, find banana slugs quite appealing and are unbothered by the mucous or its numbing effect.

As part of nature’s own composting crew (along with the likes of California’s official state mushroom the Golden Chanterelle), banana slugs are detritivores. In this role, they break down plant and animal matter into rich soil. Through their unassuming work, they also contribute to seed dispersal, ensuring the continuation of forest flora.

Retractable sensory tentacles adorn the head (the upper two detect light; the lower two are touch
and smell/taste sensors. ©MVercoutere.- Retrieved from: friendsofedgewood.org/banana-slug

The banana slug currently serves as the mascot of the University of California (UC) Santa Cruz. Known as Sammy the Banana Slug, this mollusk mascot came to be in the 1980s when, according to UC Santa Cruz’s internet website, “some campus teams wanted more organized yet still low-key competition, UCSC joined Division III of the NCAA in five sports. They had to have an official team name, and student players agreed on the Sea Lions – a choice the chancellor at the time considered more dignified and suitable for serious play than the Banana Slugs. But the wider student body would have none of it, and they continued to root for the Slugs even after a sea lion was painted in the middle of the basketball floor. After five years of dealing with the two-mascot problem, an overwhelming pro-Slug vote by students in 1986 convinced the chancellor to make the humble but adored Banana Slug UCSC’s official mascot.”

This bill establishes the entire genus of banana slug (Ariolimax) as the state symbol. Other plant and animal state symbols have been specific to an individual species. This bill is effectively adopting every species of banana slug as the state symbol. This is not without precedence as California also has four state nuts – almond, pecan, pistachio, and walnut.

California’s Official State Emblems. California is renowned for its diverse landscapes, rich history, global influence, and its industrious and vibrant people. Boasting a unique array of official symbols, the state represents its natural beauty, historical significance, and cultural identity. These symbols serve as reminders for residents and visitors alike, emphasizing the state's distinct identity and the importance of preserving its heritage for future generations. As California continues to evolve and grow, its state emblems are intended to remain steadfast symbols of the state’s past, present, and future.

For example, the golden poppy (Eschscholzia californica) is recognized as the Official State Flower and represents the state’s vibrant landscapes and wildflower fields. Many people believe that laws prohibit cutting or damaging the California poppy because of its designation as the state flower. In fact, there is no law protecting the California poppy, but the designation endears a special appreciation of the flower and perpetuated the myth that no one may pick them. Designated in 1903, it symbolizes the beauty of California’s natural environment.

Additionally, a number of the state’s official emblems lean heavily on California’s Gold Rush history. The official state motto – “Eureka” – is a Greek word that translates to “I have found it.” In the context of California, the motto is closely tied to the California Gold Rush of 1848-1855. Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill in 1848 sparked a massive influx of fortune-seekers who flocked to California to seek wealth and prosperity. Native gold is designated as the official State Mineral and mineralogic emblem. “The Golden State” serves as the official State Nickname and Bodie is the official state gold rush ghost town.

Furthermore, the motto “Eureka” represents the broader concept of innovation and progress that has come to define California over time. California, being at the forefront of technological advancements, scientific research, and cultural shifts, exemplifies the spirit of discovery and the pursuit of the unknown, especially as we enter the Age of Artificial Intelligence.

More recent additions to the list of official state emblems include the pallid bat recognized as the official state bat in 2023 by SB 732 (Menjivar, Chapter 502, Statutes of 2023) and the California Golden Chanterelle as the official state mushroom by AB 261 (Kalra, Chapter 644, Statutes of 2023).

Almost Official. There have been a number of recent unsuccessful measures proposing to establish various official state emblems. For example, AB 868 (E. Garcia, 2021) proposed to establish the date shake as the official state milkshake. That bill was approved by the Assembly but never heard in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee. AB 1769 (Voepel, 2018) would have established the California Vaquero Horse as the official state horse. That bill was never heard in the Assembly Governmental Organization Committee. SB 73 (Hueso, 2017) would have established the “San Salvador” as the official state ship of exploration, that bill was never heard in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee.

In 2006, Governor Schwarzenegger vetoed AB 1253 (Migden, 2006), which would have established Zinfandel as California’s official state wine—a designation strongly opposed by many in the state’s wine industry. The bill was amended to simply designate Zinfandel as “California’s historic wine,” and eventually vetoed by Governor Schwarzenegger who wrote, “California wines have inspired authors, artists and Oscar-winning motion pictures. Singling one out for special recognition would be inappropriate.”

The importance of state emblems in California, as well as in any other state, lies in their ability to convey the unique identity, values, and history of the region. As such, when proposing new official state emblems, it is crucial to give careful consideration to the emblem's significance to the state and its resonance with both current and future residents. Emblems serve as reminders of the state's heritage and represent the collective consciousness of its people. By recognizing emblems that hold deep meaning and relevance, California can effectively celebrate its past, present, and future, while inspiring residents to appreciate and preserve the state's legacy. It may be important to consider whether there comes a time when designating additional state emblems reaches a point of diminishing returns.

A Slug Solution for Every Problem? Designating a new state symbol can briefly stir a media response, but may not materially accomplish any policy goal such as supporting habitat, research, or protections for the identified symbol. Further, a February 1, 2024 article in CalMatters titled “A bill for every problem? Why California lawmakers introduce longshots,” cites a 2002 Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO) estimate that “each bill cost at least $18,000 to go from introduction to passage: Each bill is given a title and number, goes through analysis by committee staff and is printed out. An updated dollar figure from the legislative analyst was not available, but adjusting for inflation, each bill costs in the neighborhood of $30,000.” However, the article goes on to note that, “[e]ven Jerry Brown, who famously vetoed a bill with the message, ‘Not every human problem deserves a law,’ signed a majority of those sent to his desk while he was governor.”

This bill is one of three legislative proposals attempting to designate a novel state emblem that this committee will consider. In addition to the official state slug, AB 1797 (Wood, 2024) seeks to designate the Dungeness crab as the official state crustacean and AB 2504 (Dixon, 2024) would establish the shell of the black abalone as the official state seashell.

Déjà Vu All Over Again. This is not the banana slug’s first foray into California politics. AB 3007 (Sher, 1988) would have similarly named the banana slug the official state mollusk. According to a May 30, 1988 Los Angeles Times article titled “Unhappy Civics Lesson for Youthful Sponsors: Banana Slug Squashed as State Mollusk,” that bill narrowly passed the Assembly in March of 1988, but was, “squashed by the Senate on Friday, despite efforts of banana slug defenders to portray it as a protector of vulnerable seedlings in coastal redwood forests, a hungry consumer of poison oak and a vital link in the ecological chain. The bill failed on an 18-13 vote, three short of the 21-vote majority required in the Senate. However, the Senate agreed to reconsider its action another day.”

The article goes on to state that then-Senator Jim Ellis (R-San Diego) told his colleagues, “[t]his is one of those items that makes you wonder why we are here. It’s embarrassing, really.” Further, UC Santa Cruz alumnus and then-Senator John Doolittle (R-Rocklin) told the Los Angeles Times he “found this thing repulsive as I walked the pathways.” This led to then-Senator Dan McCorquodale (D-San Jose) to claim that he believed that the Senate had “long ago abandoned making decisions ‘based on beauty.’ And, noting that a terrarium near Doolittle’s desk, containing several banana slugs, he asked: ‘Can you imagine how Sen. Doolittle looks to them.’”

However, all hope was not yet lost for the slippery state symbol candidate. Later that year, the Senate narrowly passed the bill on reconsideration by a final vote of 21-15. From there, the resilient rainforest resident landed on the desk of then-Governor George Deukmejian, who ultimately threw salt on the proposal by vetoing the bill and writing:

The mollusk is one of the largest groups of invertebrate animals and includes more than 100,000 different species worldwide. Octopi, squid, clams, oysters, abalone, mussels, scallops, snails, and slugs are all subclasses of the mollusk classification. There are a large number of different mollusk species indigenous to locales in the state, including the pismo clam, the black abalone, the red abalone, the turban shell, the two spotted octopus, common squid and a mussel (mytilus californianus).

The banana slug species ariolimax was first identified near the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon and has been found from Alaska to as far south as the Salinas Valley.

It appears, that to the extent possible, official state items are indigenous to California. Thus, the state fish is the California Golden Trout, the insect is the California Dog-Face Butterfly, the bird is the California Valley Quail and so forth. If there is a need to designate a state mollusk, it would be more appropriate to select one that is indigenous to California and perhaps one that is more representative of the international reputation that California enjoys.

Prior/Related Legislation

AB 1797 (Wood, 2024) would establish the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) as the official state crusteacean. (Pending in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee)

AB 2504 (Dixon, 2024) would establish the shell of the black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) as the official state sea shell. (Pending in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee)

AB 3118 (Wallis, 2024) would establish solar energy as the official state energy. (Never heard in the Assembly Utilities and Energy Committee)

SB 732 (Menjivar, Chapter 502, Statutes of 2023) established the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) as the official state bat of California.

AB 261 (Kalra, Chapter 644, Statutes of 2023) established the California Golden Chanterelle (Cantharellus californicus) as the official state mushroom.

AB 3007 (Sher, 1988) would have designated the banana slug (Ariolimax) as the official state mollusk. (Vetoed by Governor Deukmejian)

FISCAL EFFECT: Appropriation: No Fiscal Com.: No Local: No

SUPPORT:

County of Santa Cruz

OPPOSITION:

None received

ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT: In support of the bill, the County of Santa Cruz writes that, “AB 1850 recognizes the ecological importance of banana slugs in California, emphasizing their role as detritivores, which play a vital part in environmental health by decomposing organic matter and consuming harmful plants such as poison oak and death angel mushrooms. Additionally, with seven distinct species distributed across the state, banana slugs play a crucial role in preserving California’s diverse biological landscape. Their symbiotic relationship with iconic redwood trees underscores their importance in aiding seedling growth by reducing competition from other vegetation. Moreover, the cultural significance of banana slugs is apparent through their adoption as the cherished mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz, and their representation in various forms of popular media.”

ASSEMBLY THIRD READING

ATR Bill Id:AB 1850

Author:(Pellerin)

As Introduced Ver:January 17, 2024

Majority vote

SUMMARY

Declares that the banana slug (Ariolimax) is the official state slug of California and makes findings and declarations regarding the environmental and social value of the banana slug.

Major Provisions

COMMENTS

California is home to over 200 species of snail and slug. In California, slugs and humans have had a long history. The Yurok people used the native banana slug as a food source in times of shortage. During the 1800s and early 1900s, German immigrants also used this native species for food. Slugs, however, have long been regarded worldwide as severe pests of agricultural and horticultural production. There are a total of 17 native slug species over six genera in California. The best researched and most well-known is the banana slug (Ariolimax).

Banana slug "fast" facts. Named for its resemblance to the yellow fruit, banana slugs are characterized by their yellowish tint with some sporting brown spots. If a banana slug needs to split, it can do so at a blistering speed of 6.5 inches/min. There are six described species of banana slug: A. buttoni, A. californicus californicus, A. californicus brachyphallus, A. columbianus, A. dolichophallus, A. stamineus, and a new species discovered at Mt. Palomar in San Diego County that is still being described. Banana slugs range from Central California to Alaska. The Pacific banana slug (A. columbianus) can grow up to 10 inches long, making it the largest land mollusk in North America and the second-largest species of terrestrial slug in the world. The Pacific banana slug is the only species that is also found outside of California.

Banana slugs, like all slugs, sense their environment using four regenerative tentacles: two on the top of their heads to function as eyes and two lower tentacles to feel and smell. Banana slugs secrete a layer of mucus to prevent their skin from drying out and help them glide along in the forest. This slime is also a defense mechanism against predators that might find a banana slug ripe for the taking because when ingested, the slime can make the hopeful hunters tongue go numb. Some animals, such as the Pacific Giant Salamanders and Northwestern Garter Snakes, find banana slugs quite appealing and are unbothered by the mucous or its numbing affect. Banana slugs are detritivores (decomposers) and support forest health by converting plant and animal matter to rich soil matter. Through this process they are also responsible for some amount of seed dispersal.

According to the Author

"The banana slug (Ariolimax) is an iconic symbol of California's famed temperate rainforest and an example of the rapid evolution that has made California extremely biologically diverse. Due to its quirky appearance and name, the banana slug is highly popular among both children and adults in California, and even serves as the beloved mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz. Despite the cultural fascination with the banana slug, there is a dearth of academic research into this mollusk which can shed light on the evolutionary history of the state. This bill designates the banana slug as the official state slug of California in order to promote appreciation, education, and research of banana slugs in the state."

Arguments in Support

None on file

Arguments in Opposition

None on file

FISCAL COMMENTS

None. This bill is keyed non-fiscal.

VOTES

ASM WATER, PARKS, AND WILDLIFE: 13-0-2

YES: Papan, Mathis, Addis, Alanis, Alvarez, Bennett, Bonta, Gallagher, Davies, Luz Rivas, Schiavo, Villapudua, Weber

ABS, ABST OR NV: Garcia, Hart

UPDATED

VERSION: January 17, 2024

CONSULTANT: Stephanie Mitchell / W., P., & W. / (916) 319-2096 FN: 0002670

Date of Hearing: March 19, 2024

ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON WATER, PARKS, AND WILDLIFE

Diane Papan, Chair

ABPCA Bill Id:AB 1850 (

Author:Pellerin) – As Introduced Ver:January 17, 2024

SUBJECT: State slug

SUMMARY: Declares that the banana slug (Ariolimax) is the official state slug of California and makes findings and declarations regarding the environmental and social value of the banana slug.

EXISTING LAW:

1. Declares, among other official emblems, that:
   1. The golden poppy (Eschscholzia californica) is the state flower (Government Code § 421);
   2. The California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoia gigantean) is the state tree (Government Code § 422);
   3. The California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) is the state amphibian (Government Code § 422.7);
   4. The California desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) is the state reptile (Government Code § 422.5);
   5. The California dog-face butterfly (Zerene eurydice) is the state insect (Government Code § 424.5); and
   6. The pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) is the state bat (Government Code § 425.12).
2. Does not identify an official state slug.

FISCAL EFFECT: None. This bill is keyed non-fiscal.

COMMENTS:

1. Purpose of this bill. This bill declares that the banana slug (Ariolimax) is the official state slug of California in order to promote appreciation, education, and research of banana slugs in California. According to the author, “The banana slug (Ariolimax) is an iconic symbol of California’s famed temperate rainforest and an example of the rapid evolution that has made California extremely biologically diverse. Due to its quirky appearance and name, the banana slug is highly popular among both children and adults in California, and even serves as the beloved mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz. Despite the cultural fascination with the banana slug, there is a dearth of academic research into this mollusk which can shed light on the evolutionary history of the state. [This bill] designates the banana slug as the official state slug of California in order to promote appreciation, education, and research of banana slugs in the state.”
2. Background. California is renowned for its diverse landscapes, rich history, global influence, and its industrious and colorful people. The state represents its natural beauty, historical significance, and cultural identity with a unique array of official symbols. To celebrate this diversity, the state designates a number of state emblems that serve as reminders for residents and visitors alike of the state's distinct identity and the importance of preserving its heritage for future generations. As California continues to evolve and grow, its state emblems are intended to remain steadfast symbols of the state’s past, present, and future.

California is home to over 200 species of snail and slug.^[1] In California, slugs and humans have had a long history. The Yurok people used the native banana slug as a food source in times of shortage. During the 1800s and early 1900s, German immigrants also used this native species for food. Slugs, however, have long been regarded worldwide as severe pests of agricultural and horticultural production.^[2]

There are a total of 17 native slug species over six genera in California. The best researched and most well-known is the banana slug Ariolimax. Other native genera include:

• Hesperarion, which is similar, but smaller than, Ariolimax;
• Anadenulus cockerelli, the only species of its genus, which has been found Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego Counties; and
• Prophysaon, which is known for its ability to self-amputate a portion of its tail.

Banana slug “fast” facts. Named for its resemblance to the yellow fruit, banana slugs are characterized by their yellowish tint with some sporting brown spots. If a banana slug needs to split, it can do so at a blistering speed of 6.5 inches/min. There are six described species of banana slug: A. buttoni, A. californicus californicus, A. californicus brachyphallus, A. columbianus, A. dolichophallus, A. stamineus, and a new species discovered at Mt. Palomar in San Diego County that is still being described. Banana slugs range from Central California to Alaska. The Pacific banana slug (A. columbianus) can grow up to 10 inches long, making it the largest land mollusk in North America and the second-largest species of terrestrial slug in the world. The Pacific banana slug is the only species that is also found outside of California.

Banana slugs, like all slugs, sense their environment using four, regenerative tentacles: two on the top of their heads to function as eyes and two lower tentacles to feel and smell. Banana slugs secrete a layer of mucus to prevent their skin from drying out and help them glide along in the forest. This slime is also a defense mechanism against predators that might find a banana slug ripe for the taking, because when ingested, the slime can make the hopeful hunters tongue go numb. Some animals such as the Pacific Giant Salamanders and Northwestern Garter Snakes, find banana slugs quite appealing and are unbothered by the mucous or its numbing affect.

Banana slugs are detritivores (decomposers) and support forest health by converting plant and animal matter to rich soil matter. Through this process they are also responsible for some amount of seed dispersal.

1. Policy considerations. California is now represented by 44 symbols, 40 of which are codified: state amphibian, animal, bat, bird, colors, dance, dinosaur, fabric, flower, flag, folk dance, fossil, gemstone, gold rush ghost town, grass, historical society, insect, LGBTQ veterans memorial, lichen, marine fish, marine mammal, marine reptile, military museum, mineral, motto, mushroom, nickname, nuts, prehistoric artifact, reptile, rock, seal, silver rush ghost town, soil, song, sport, tall ship, tartan, tree, and Vietnam veterans memorial. (Government Code § 420–429.9). See “Related legislation” for a collection of current and unsuccessful state symbol legislation. The Committee may wish to consider, at what point does adding additional symbols make the designation meaningless?

Symbols present heartwarming opportunity for reflection, recognition, and civic engagement. Designating a new state symbol may briefly stir a media response, but does not materially accomplish any policy goal such as supporting habitat, research, or protections for the identified symbol. A 2002 LAO report estimates that each bill costs at least $18,000, which is over $30,000 today. So is it worth the cost? Other options are available to the Legislature, such as Resolutions, to establish state symbols. The Golden Trout (state fresh water fish), the California Coastal Trail (state trail), the California Consolidated Drum Band (state fife and drum band), and the Pasadena Playhouse (state theater) have all been established via resolutions. The Committee may wish to consider whether legislation is the most appropriate mechanism to provide recognition to any potential symbol?

Furthermore, this bill establishes an entire genus of slug (Ariolimax) as the state symbol. Other plant and animal state symbols have been specified to an individual species. This bill is effectively adopting every species of banana slug as the state symbol. This is not without precedence as California also has four state nuts (i.e., almond, pecan, pistachio, and walnut).

1. Related legislation. AB 868 (Garcia) of 2021 would have established the date shake as the official state milkshake. AB 868 died in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee.
   
   AB 1769 (Voepel) of 2018 would have established the California Vaquero Horse as the official state horse. AB 1769 died in the Assembly Governmental Organization Committee.

SB 73 (Hueso) of 2017 would have established the “San Salvador” as the official state ship of exploration. SB 73 died in the Senate Governmental Organization Committee.

AB 2470 (Nielsen) of 2012 would have established the sculpture in the Norther California Veterans Cemetery as the official state memorial for Vietnam veterans. AB 2470 died in the Assembly Veterans Affairs Committee.

AB 2063 (Huffman) of 2010 would have established the Chinook salmon as the official state anadromous fish. AB 2063 was vetoed by the governor.

SB 624 (Romero) of 2009 would have removed serpentine as the official state rock and lithological emblem. SB 624 died in the Assembly Rules Committee.

SB 1253 (Migden) of 2006 would have established zinfandel as the historic wine of California. SB 1253 was vetoed by the governor.

AB 2636 (House) of 2000 would have established the almond as the official state nut. AB 2636 died in the Assembly Governmental Organization Committee.

AB 3007 (Sher) of 1988 would have designated the banana slug the official state mollusk. AB 3007 was vetoed by the governor.

AB 1797 (Wood) of the current legislative session establishes the Dungeness crab as the official state crustacean. AB 1797 is pending before this Committee.

AB 2504 (Dixon) of the current legislative session establishes the black abalone as the official state seashell. AB 2504 is pending before this Committee.

AB 3118 (Wallis) of the current legislative session establishes solar energy as the official state energy. AB 3118 is pending before the Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy.

REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION:

Support

None on file

Opposition

None on file

Analysis Prepared by: Stephanie Mitchell / W., P., & W. / (916) 319-2096

1. Checklist of the Land Snails and Slugs of California, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (2003). ↑

2. Slugs: A Guide to the Invasive and Native Fauna of California, University of California, Division of Natural Resources (2009). ↑